Kinetic models for the non-catalytic hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen

Abstract Kinetic models for the hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen were developed based on pseudo-components having similar properties. The pseudo-components were separated bitumen fractions (asphaltenes, resins, aromatics, saturates) and lumped fractions (heavy ends = coke + asphaltenes + resins; heavy oils = asphaltenes + resins; light oils = aromatics + saturates; and saturated fractions = saturates + gases). Hydrocracking reactions were considered to be first order with respect to the pseudo-components and zero order with respect to hydrogen. Arrhenius activation energies and frequency factors were determined for each kinetic model examined. Activation energies for the reactions, heavy ends → light oils, heavy oils → light oils, heavy oils → aromatics, resins → light oils and resins → aromatics, were found not to change under the experimental conditions studied when coke, asphaltene and resin fractions or asphaltene and resin fractions were lumped together in the hydrocracking reactions. This result suggests that these two fractions have similar reactivities in hydrocracking. The aromatic and saturate fractions behaved similarly.

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