Protection against colibacillosis in neonatal piglets by immunization of dams with procholeragenoid

Protection against colibacillosis in neonatal piglets was obtained by immunization of pregnant dams with procholeragenoid. Procholeragenoid is a stable high-molecular-weight aggregate of cholera toxin formed during the heating of cholera toxin. Procholeragenoid retained approximately 1% of the toxicity of native toxin as determined in the rabbit ileal loop and Y-1 adrenal cell assays and 5% of the activity in the rabbit skin assay. Immunization of pregnant dams with 50 micrograms of procholeragenoid 5 and 2 weeks before the expected delivery date elicited high titers of antitoxic immunoglobulin G and toxin-neutralizing antibody in both the colostrum and serum. In three independent field trials, immunization with procholeragenoid resulted in a substantial decrease in diarrhea (73% in controls versus 11% in immunized) and death (4.7% in controls versus 0.77% in immunized) in neonatal piglets. The protection rate in the immunized population was approximately 85% for both diarrhea and death. In the following gestation period, reimmunization of dams with a single dose of procholeragenoid (50 micrograms) 2 weeks before delivery elicited titers of antitoxic immunoglobulin G and toxin-neutralizing antibody comparable to those obtained during the primary immunization. The death rate in neonatal piglets (0.86%) was comparable to that seen after immunization during the first gestation period (0.77%). These results indicate that substantial protection of neonatal piglets against colibacillosis can be obtained by immunization of dams with procholeragenoid. Protection was found to be based solely on antitoxic immunity.

[1]  F. Dorner,et al.  Immunity to Escherichia coli in piglets: the role of colostral antibodies directed against heat labile enterotoxin in experimental neonatal diarrhoea. , 2010, Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B.

[2]  S. Falkow,et al.  Amino acid sequence homology between cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin , 1980, Nature.

[3]  R. Isaacson,et al.  Immunization of suckling pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrheal disease by vaccinating dams with purified K99 or 987P pili: antibody production in response to vaccination , 1980, Infection and immunity.

[4]  S. Kunkel,et al.  Purification and Chemical Characterization of the Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , 1979, Infection and immunity.

[5]  R. Finkelstein,et al.  Isolation and characterization of homogeneous heat-labile enterotoxins with high specific activity from Escherichia coli cultures , 1979, Infection and immunity.

[6]  W. Jansen,et al.  Behavior of Escherichia coli K antigens K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad in immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion, and hemagglutination , 1979, Infection and immunity.

[7]  R. Isaacson,et al.  Immunization of suckling pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrheal disease by vaccinating dams with purified 987 or K99 pili: protection correlates with pilus homology of vaccine and challenge , 1978, Infection and immunity.

[8]  R. Finkelstein,et al.  Immunological Cross-Reactivity Between a Heat-Labile Enterotoxin(s) of Escherichia coli and Subunits of Vibrio cholerae Enterotoxin , 1978, Infection and immunity.

[9]  L. K. Nagy,et al.  Evaluation of Escherichia coli vaccines against experimental enteric colibacillosis. , 1978, Research in veterinary science.

[10]  I. Orskov,et al.  Serology, chemistry, and genetics of O and K antigens of Escherichia coli. , 1977, Bacteriological reviews.

[11]  R. Isaacson,et al.  Colonization of porcine small intestine by Escherichia coli: colonization and adhesion factors of pig enteropathogens that lack K88. , 1977, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[12]  E. Fuerer,et al.  Antigenicity of cholera toxoid in humans. , 1977, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[13]  L. Dobrescu,et al.  Protection of piglets against neonatal E. coli enteritis by immunization of the sow with a vaccine containing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) I. Protection against experimentally induced diarrhoea. , 2010, Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B.

[14]  E. Fuerer,et al.  Preparation of a Purified Antigenic Cholera Toxoid , 1976, Infection and immunity.

[15]  G. Jones,et al.  Antibacterial activity in colostrum and milk associated with protection of piglets against enteric disease caused by K88-positive Escherichia coli , 1976, Infection and immunity.

[16]  A. Kurosky,et al.  Chemical characterization of the structure of cholera toxin and its natural toxoid. , 1976, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[17]  F. Dorner.  Escherichia coli enterotoxin. Purification and partial characterization. , 1975, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[18]  D. Gill,et al.  The mechanism of action of cholera toxin in pigeon erythrocyte lysates. , 1975, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[19]  D. Sack,et al.  Test for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using Y-1 adrenal cells in miniculture , 1975, Infection and immunity.

[20]  P. Nakane,et al.  PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY A NEW METHOD OF CONJUGATION , 1974, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[21]  S. Falkow,et al.  The enterotoxin plasmids of Escherichia coli. , 1974, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[22]  H. Moon.  Pathogenesis of enteric diseases caused by Escherichia coli. , 1974, Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine.

[23]  J. Holmgren,et al.  Cross-reactivity between heat labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in neutralization tests in rabbit ileum and skin. , 2009, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology.

[24]  J. Holmgren,et al.  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Cholera Serology , 1973, Infection and immunity.

[25]  G. Jones,et al.  Protection against Enteric Disease caused by Escherichia coli–a Model for Vaccination with a Virulence Determinant? , 1973, Nature.

[26]  M. Wilson,et al.  Immunity to Escherichia coli in pigs: IgG immunoglobulin in passive immunity to E. coli enteritis. , 1973, Immunology.

[27]  G. Jones,et al.  Role of the K88 Antigen in the Pathogenesis of Neonatal Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia coli in Piglets , 1972, Infection and immunity.

[28]  G. Curlin,et al.  Stimulation of adenyl cyclase by Escherichia coli enterotoxin. , 1972, Nature: New biology.

[29]  E. Eichner,et al.  Cutaneous responses to cholera skin toxin in man. I. Responses in unimmunized American males. , 1972, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[30]  E. M. Kohler.  Pathogenesis of neonatal enteric colibacillosis of pigs. , 1972, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[31]  H. Smith,et al.  Observations on the pathogenic properties of the K88, Hly and Ent plasmids of Escherichia coli with particular reference to porcine diarrhoea. , 1971, Journal of medical microbiology.

[32]  R. Finkelstein,et al.  Procholeragenoid: an aggregated intermediate in the formation of choleragenoid. , 1971, Journal of immunology.

[33]  C. Gyles,et al.  A heat-labile enterotoxin from strains of Eschericha coli enteropathogenic for pigs. , 1969, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[34]  G. J. Kasai,et al.  The titration of cholera toxin and antitoxin in the rabbit ileal loop. , 1966, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[35]  W. Sojka.  Escherichia Coli in Domestic Animals and Poultry , 1965 .

[36]  I. Ørskov,et al.  K ANTIGENS K88AB(L) AND K88AC(L) IN E. COLI. A NEW O ANTIGEN: 0147 AND A NEW K ANTIGEN: K89(B). , 1964, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica.