Omar Bek Drain Water Quality and its Impact on Damietta Branch, River Nile-Egypt

This study classifies Omar Bek drain water quality; its impact on Damietta branch and evaluates its suitability for reuse in irrigation. Over a year period starting April 2009, 94 water samples were collected from Omar Bek drain, Damietta branch upstream and downstream the drain as well as the drains discharging on Omar Bek. Based on physical, chemical and bacteriological results obtained, the water quality index analysis classified Omar Bek drain as poor drainage water, while Damietta branch upstream and downstream as good and marginal surface water respectively. It was also evident that El-Naseria drain is the major contributor to pollution levels in Omar Bek drain. Results were interpreted in terms of organic pollution from domestic sewage, agricultural runoff and fertilizers. Physical and chemical data compared to FAO guidelines showed a slight to moderate restriction on reusing water from Omar Bek drain for irrigation of susceptible crops, while no serious restrictions were concluded regarding water from Damietta branch. However, fecal coliform bacteria recorded and compared to WHO guidelines expected possible health hazards from pathogens in case of irrigating crops eaten raw or uncooked. The study recommended treating domestic wastewater and directing it to locations distant from direct disposal in Damietta branch and pointed out its possible reuse in cultivating cereal, industrial and fodder crops of economical importance.