In Vivo Time-Resolved Microtomography Reveals the Mechanics of the Blowfly Flight Motor

Time-resolved X-ray microtomography permits a real-time view of the blowfly in flight at a previously unprecedented level of detail, revealing how the tiny steering muscles work.

[1]  Thomas Smyth,et al.  Visual reflex control of indirect flight muscles in the sheep blowfly , 1966 .

[2]  W. Nachtigall,et al.  Neuro-muscular control of dipteran flight. , 1967, The Journal of experimental biology.

[3]  A. Ewing,et al.  How Diptera Move Their Wings: A re-Examination of the Wing Base Articulation and Muscle Systems Concerned with Flight , 1985 .

[4]  W. Danthanarayana,et al.  Insect Flight , 1986, Proceedings in Life Sciences.

[5]  A. R. Ennos.  The kinematics and aerodynamics of the free flight of some diptera , 1989 .

[6]  W. Nachtigall,et al.  Biomechanical Aspects of the Wing Joints in Flies, Especially in Calliphora erythrocephala , 1991 .

[7]  B. L. Henke,et al.  X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92 , 1993 .

[8]  C. Ellington,et al.  IN VIVO MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGES IN BUMBLEBEES AND THE IN VITRO EFFECTS ON WORK AND POWER , 1993 .

[9]  R. Marsh,et al.  Power output of scallop adductor muscle during contractions replicating the in vivo mechanical cycle. , 1994, The Journal of experimental biology.

[10]  M. S. Tu,et al.  MODULATION OF NEGATIVE WORK OUTPUT FROM A STEERING MUSCLE OF THE BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA VICINA , 1994, The Journal of experimental biology.

[11]  M. Dickinson,et al.  In vivo length oscillations of indirect flight muscles in the fruit fly Drosophila virilis. , 1996, The Journal of experimental biology.

[12]  T J Roberts,et al.  Muscular Force in Running Turkeys: The Economy of Minimizing Work , 1997, Science.

[13]  M. S. Tu,et al.  The Function of Dipteran Flight Muscle , 1997 .

[14]  A. Biewener,et al.  In vivo pectoralis muscle force-length behavior during level flight in pigeons (Columba livia) , 1998, The Journal of experimental biology.

[15]  M. Dickinson,et al.  Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight. , 1999, Science.

[16]  R J Full,et al.  How animals move: an integrative view. , 2000, Science.

[17]  M. Dickinson,et al.  The correlation between wing kinematics and steering muscle activity in the blowfly Calliphora vicina. , 2001, The Journal of experimental biology.

[18]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object , 2002, Journal of microscopy.

[19]  M. Dickinson,et al.  Neuromuscular control of aerodynamic forces and moments in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina , 2004, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[20]  G. Nalbach.  The gear change mechanism of the blowfly (Calliphora erythrocephala) in tethered flight , 1989, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[21]  K. Götz,et al.  Activation phase ensures kinematic efficacy in flight-steering muscles of Drosophila melanogaster , 1996, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[22]  Martin Egelhaaf,et al.  Visual afferences to flight steering muscles controlling optomotor responses of the fly , 1989, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[23]  G. Heide.  Properties of a motor output system involved in the optomotor response in flies , 1975, Biological Cybernetics.

[24]  M. S. Tu,et al.  The control of wing kinematics by two steering muscles of the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) , 1996, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[25]  W. Nachtigall,et al.  Correlations between stationary measurable parameters of wing movement and aerodynamic force production in the blowfly (Calliphora vicina R.-D.) , 1983, Journal of comparative physiology.

[26]  W. Nachtigall,et al.  Functional-morphological investigations on the flight muscles and their insertion points in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta, Diptera) , 1984, Zoomorphology.

[27]  S. N. Fry,et al.  The aerodynamics of hovering flight in Drosophila , 2005, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[28]  G Allan Johnson,et al.  4-D Micro-CT of the Mouse Heart , 2005, Molecular imaging.

[29]  David Maughan,et al.  Molecular dynamics of cyclically contracting insect flight muscle in vivo , 2005, Nature.

[30]  R. V. Van Uitert,et al.  Subvoxel precise skeletons of volumetric data based on fast marching methods. , 2007, Medical physics.

[31]  Wah-Keat Lee,et al.  Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function , 2007, BMC Biology.

[32]  Adrian L. R. Thomas,et al.  Photogrammetric reconstruction of high-resolution surface topographies and deformable wing kinematics of tethered locusts and free-flying hoverflies , 2009, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[33]  Graham K. Taylor,et al.  The Typical Flight Performance of Blowflies: Measuring the Normal Performance Envelope of Calliphora vicina Using a Novel Corner-Cube Arena , 2009, PloS one.

[34]  John Young,et al.  Details of Insect Wing Design and Deformation Enhance Aerodynamic Function and Flight Efficiency , 2009, Science.

[35]  Marco Stampanoni,et al.  Fast reconstruction algorithm dealing with tomography artifacts , 2010, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[36]  C. David,et al.  Tomographic Hard X-ray Phase Contrast Micro- and Nano-imaging at TOMCAT , 2010 .

[37]  K K W Siu,et al.  Interface-specific x-ray phase retrieval tomography of complex biological organs , 2011, Physics in medicine and biology.

[38]  T. Weitkamp,et al.  ANKAphase: software for single-distance phase retrieval from inline X-ray phase-contrast radiographs. , 2011, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[39]  F. Lehmann,et al.  Elastic deformation and energy loss of flapping fly wings , 2011, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[40]  Stuart B Hooper,et al.  Synchrotron-based dynamic computed tomography of tissue motion for regional lung function measurement , 2012, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[41]  D. B. Baier,et al.  Three-Dimensional, High-Resolution Skeletal Kinematics of the Avian Wing and Shoulder during Ascending Flapping Flight and Uphill Flap-Running , 2013, PloS one.

[42]  F. Lehmann,et al.  Calcium signalling indicates bilateral power balancing in the Drosophila flight muscle during manoeuvring flight , 2013, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.