Compressive Underwater Sonar Imaging with Synthetic Aperture Processing

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is a technique that acquires an underwater image by synthesizing the signal received by the sonar as it moves. By forming a synthetic aperture, the sonar overcomes physical limitations and shows superior resolution when compared with use of a side-scan sonar, which is another technique for obtaining underwater images. Conventional SAS algorithms require a high concentration of sampling in the time and space domains according to Nyquist theory. Because conventional SAS algorithms go through matched filtering, side lobes are generated, resulting in deterioration of imaging performance. To overcome the shortcomings of conventional SAS algorithms, such as the low imaging performance and the requirement for high-level sampling, this paper proposes SAS algorithms applying compressive sensing (CS). SAS imaging algorithms applying CS were formulated for a single sensor and uniform line array and were verified through simulation and experimental data. The simulation showed better resolution than the ω-k algorithms, one of the representative conventional SAS algorithms, with minimal performance degradation by side lobes. The experimental data confirmed that the proposed method is superior and robust with respect to sensor loss.