Study on the Criteria of Design of Teaching Toolkit for Design Thinking Courses for Lower Grade Students in Primary School

In this paper, the design criteria of ‘Design Thinking’ for teaching toolkit based on the ‘Empathy Design Thinking’ course is studied for the lower-grade students in primary schools. First of all, the teaching toolkit requirements of Design Thinking courses in primary schools, as well as the characteristics of physical and mental development of lower-grade students in primary schools are indicated. Then, the teaching toolkit is designed accordingly to produce various teaching toolkit corresponding to the paper version and their supporting materials. Afterwards, the designed teaching toolkit is applied to the actual teaching and the research method is adopted in combination with observation method and interview method to collect the feedback from both students and teachers. By conducting qualitative analysis of the observation and interview results, the characteristics of the teaching toolkit are obtained and finally the teaching toolkit design criteria of ‘Empathy Design Thinking’ for lower-grade students in primary schools are obtained to provide guidance on the subsequent design of teaching toolkit.

[1]  Carl R. Rogers,et al.  Empathic: An Unappreciated Way of Being , 1975 .

[2]  Larry Leifer,et al.  Design-Team Performance: Metrics and the Impact of Technology , 1998 .

[3]  Gráinne Conole,et al.  A learning design toolkit to create pedagogically effective learning activities. (in Special Issue on Advances in Learning Design) , 2005 .

[4]  David Dunne,et al.  Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion , 2006 .

[5]  Larry Leifer,et al.  An Experiment in Design Pedagogy Transfer Across Cultures and Disciplines , 2008 .

[6]  Merlijn Kouprie,et al.  A framework for empathy in design: stepping into and out of the user's life , 2009 .

[7]  William C. Oakes,et al.  Work in progress — Phenomenographic approach to understanding students' ways of experiencing human-centered design , 2010, 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE).

[8]  Carla B. Zoltowski,et al.  Students' Ways of Experiencing Human‐Centered Design , 2012 .

[9]  Shan Zhi-yan.  On the Cultivation of Lower Primary School Students'Positive Psychological Characters , 2010 .

[10]  A. Royalty,et al.  Destination, Imagination and the Fires Within: Design Thinking in a Middle School Classroom , 2010 .

[11]  Jonathan Antonio Edelman,et al.  Re-representation: Affordances of Shared Models in Team-Based Design , 2011 .

[12]  V. Shute,et al.  What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important? , 2012 .

[13]  Christoph Meinel,et al.  Design Thinking Research , 2012 .

[14]  Walter Brenner,et al.  Design Thinking as Mindset, Process, and Toolbox , 2016 .

[15]  L. Leifer,et al.  Looking Further: Design Thinking Beyond Solution-Fixation , 2018, Understanding Innovation.

[16]  Larry Leifer,et al.  Investigating the Influence of Designers’ Cognitive Characteristics and Interaction Behaviors in Design Concept Generation , 2019, Journal of Mechanical Design.