Formal Analysis of Crosstalk Noise in Mesh-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip with WDM

Optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is one of the most promising candidates in tacking multichannel communication on the single waveguide in multicore systems-on-chip. However, compared to the traditional ONoCs with single wavelength transmitting, ONoCs employing WDM can be more susceptible to the influence of the crosstalk noise, especially the nonlinear noise generated by the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect. Consequently, the crosstalk noise can result in the signal distortion and performance degradation, even constrain the scalability of the WDM-based ONoCs. In this paper, a formal systematical analysis model including the crosstalk noise and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) analysis in mesh-based ONoCs using WDM is presented at device, router, and network levels. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, we exploit a numerical simulation example of mesh-based ONoCs using the optimized crossbar and Crux optical routers with eight optical wavelengths. The simulation results show that the crosstalk noise is the critical element for the OSNR diminution and the scalability constraint of the mesh-based ONoCs using WDM. For example, the input power is 0 dBm in the worst case, when the mesh-based WDM-based ONoCs size using optimized crossbar is 4 × 4, the average FWM noise power, linear noise power, and OSNR are -37.61 dBm, -38.86 dBm, and 4.26 dB, respectively, and these values are -37.78 dBm, -38.95 dBm, and -13.65 dB when the scale of network is 6 × 6.

[1]  A. Brintha Therese,et al.  Four Wave Mixing Nonlinearity Effect in WDM Radio over Fiber System , 2015 .

[2]  Haibo Zhang,et al.  WRH-ONoC: A wavelength-reused hierarchical architecture for optical Network on Chips , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).

[3]  F. Xia,et al.  Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip , 2007 .

[4]  P. Bayvel,et al.  Modeling of four-wave mixing and gain peaking in amplified WDM optical communication systems and networks , 1996 .

[5]  K. Inoue Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-dispersion wavelength region , 1992 .

[6]  Yuanyuan Yang,et al.  Performance modeling of bufferless WDM packet switching networks with limited-range wavelength conversion , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[7]  Changxi Yang,et al.  Four-Wave Mixing Between Coherent Signal and Incoherent Pump Light in Nonlinear Fiber , 2009, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[8]  I. Day,et al.  Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 μm wavelength , 2002 .

[9]  K.-i. Kitayama,et al.  Routing and wavelength assignment encompassing FWM in WDM lightpath networks , 2008, 2008 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling.

[10]  Zhe Wang,et al.  Fat-Tree-Based Optical Interconnection Networks Under Crosstalk Noise Constraint , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[11]  Sailing He,et al.  Optimal design of a silicon-on-insulator nanowire waveguide for broadband wavelength conversion , 2009 .

[12]  Michal Lipson,et al.  High-speed data transmission in multi-layer deposited silicon photonics for advanced photonic networks-on-chip , 2011, CLEO: 2011 - Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[13]  Kenneth O. Hill,et al.  cw three-wave mixing in single-mode optical fibers , 1978 .

[14]  Weihua Xu,et al.  Performance Optimization and Evaluation for Torus-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  Y Fainman,et al.  Towards 100 channel dense wavelength division multiplexing with 100GHz spacing on silicon. , 2014, Optics express.

[16]  Yingtao Jiang,et al.  A Generic Optical Router Design for Photonic Network-on-Chips , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[17]  Bostjan Batagelj Conversion efficiency of fiber wavelength converter based on degenerate FWM , 2000, 2000 2nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX408).

[18]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Formal Worst-Case Analysis of Crosstalk Noise in Mesh-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[19]  Qianfan Xu,et al.  12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon micro-ring silicon modulators. , 2007, Optics express.

[20]  Luca P. Carloni,et al.  Photonic Networks-on-Chip for Future Generations of Chip Multiprocessors , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[21]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Systematic Analysis of Crosstalk Noise in Folded-Torus-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[22]  S. Takagi,et al.  High performance InGaAs-on-insulator MOSFETs on Si by novel direct wafer bonding technology applicable to large wafer size Si , 2014, 2014 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers.

[23]  S. Xiao,et al.  Multiple-channel silicon micro-resonator based filters for WDM applications. , 2007, Optics express.

[24]  Wayne H. Wolf,et al.  The future of multiprocessor systems-on-chips , 2004, Proceedings. 41st Design Automation Conference, 2004..

[25]  P. Dumon,et al.  Silicon microring resonators , 2012 .

[26]  R. M. Derosier,et al.  Four-photon mixing and high-speed WDM systems , 1995 .

[27]  H. Toba,et al.  Theoretical evaluation of error rate degradation due to fiber four-wave mixing in multichannel FSK heterodyne envelope detection transmissions , 1992 .

[28]  Zhe Wang,et al.  Crosstalk Noise in WDM-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip: A Formal Study and Comparison , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[29]  Xiu-Dong Sun,et al.  Compact and low crosstalk waveguide crossing using impedance matched metamaterial , 2010 .

[30]  Dongrui Fan,et al.  A Novel Two-Layer Passive Optical Interconnection Network for On-Chip Communication , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[31]  T. Tsuchizawa,et al.  Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides. , 2005, Optics express.

[32]  Shu Namiki,et al.  Four-Wave Mixing in Optical Fibers and Its Applications , 2000 .

[33]  P. Dumon,et al.  Low-loss, low-cross-talk crossings for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic waveguides. , 2007, Optics letters.

[34]  L. Curtis,et al.  The effect of four-wave mixing in fibers on optical frequency-division multiplexed systems , 1990 .