On the Scalability of Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms on Multicore Platforms: A Case Study

Multicore platforms are predicted to become significantly larger in the coming years. Given that real-time workloads will inevitably be deployed on such platforms, the scalability of the scheduling algorithms used to support such workloads warrants investigation. In this paper, this issue is consideredand an empirical evaluation of several global and partitioned scheduling algorithms is presented. This evaluation was conducted using a Sun Niagara multicore platformwith 32 logical CPUs (eight cores, four hardware threads per core). In this study, each tested algorithm proved to be a viable choice for some subset of the workload categories considered.

[1]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  Schedulability Analysis of Multiprocessor Sporadic Task Systems , 2007, Handbook of Real-Time and Embedded Systems.

[2]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  Priority-Driven Scheduling of Periodic Task Systems on Multiprocessors , 2003, Real-Time Systems.

[3]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Mixed Pfair/ERfair scheduling of asynchronous periodic tasks , 2004, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[4]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Integrating Hard/Soft Real-Time Tasks and Best-Effort Jobs on Multiprocessors , 2007, 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'07).

[5]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Soft real-time scheduling on multiprocessors , 2006 .

[6]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Optimal rate-based scheduling on multiprocessors , 2002, STOC '02.

[7]  Giuseppe Lipari,et al.  Improved schedulability analysis of EDF on multiprocessor platforms , 2005, 17th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'05).

[8]  Hermann Härtig,et al.  Taming Linux , 1998 .

[9]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  Proportionate progress: A notion of fairness in resource allocation , 1993, Algorithmica.

[10]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  Proportionate progress: a notion of fairness in resource allocation , 1993, STOC '93.

[11]  Björn B. Brandenburg,et al.  LITMUS RT : A Status Report ∗ , 2007 .

[12]  Theodore P. Baker,et al.  Multiprocessor EDF and deadline monotonic schedulability analysis , 2003, RTSS 2003. 24th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2003.

[13]  Hennadiy Leontyev,et al.  LITMUS^RT : A Testbed for Empirically Comparing Real-Time Multiprocessor Schedulers , 2006, 2006 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'06).

[14]  Aaron Block.  Accuracy versus Migration Overhead in Multiprocessor Reweighting Algorithms , 2005 .

[15]  Giuseppe Lipari,et al.  Schedulability Analysis of Global Scheduling Algorithms on Multiprocessor Platforms , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[16]  Sanjoy K. Baruah.  Techniques for Multiprocessor Global Schedulability Analysis , 2007, 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2007).

[17]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  A Categorization of Real-Time Multiprocessor Scheduling Problems and Algorithms , 2004, Handbook of Scheduling.

[18]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Adapting Pfair scheduling for symmetric multiprocessors , 2005, J. Embed. Comput..

[19]  Jane W.-S. Liu.  Real-Time Systems , 2000, Encyclopedia of Algorithms.

[20]  Victor Yodaiken,et al.  A Real-Time Linux , 2000 .

[21]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Optimal rate-based scheduling on multiprocessors , 2006, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[22]  James H. Anderson,et al.  An Adaptive Framework for Multiprocessor Real-Time System , 2008, 2008 Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems.

[23]  Hennadiy Leontyev,et al.  Real-Time Synchronization on Multiprocessors: To Block or Not to Block, to Suspend or Spin? , 2008, 2008 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[24]  S. Vestal.  Preemptive Scheduling of Multi-criticality Systems with Varying Degrees of Execution Time Assurance , 2007, RTSS 2007.

[25]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Tardiness bounds under global EDF scheduling on a multiprocessor , 2005, 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'05).

[26]  Xue Liu,et al.  Integrating Adaptive Components: An Emerging Challenge in Performance-Adaptive Systems and a Server Farm Case-Study , 2007, 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2007).

[27]  James H. Anderson,et al.  An Implementation of the PCP, SRP, D-PCP, M-PCP, and FMLP Real-Time Synchronization Protocols in LITMUS^RT , 2008, 2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications.

[28]  Theodore P. Baker,et al.  A Comparison of Global and Partitioned EDF Schedulability Tests for Multiprocessors TR-051101 , 2005 .

[29]  James H. Anderson,et al.  Accuracy versus migration overhead in real-time multiprocessor reweighting algorithms , 2006, 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - (ICPADS'06).

[30]  James H. Anderson,et al.  A Hybrid Real-Time Scheduling Approach for Large-Scale Multicore Platforms , 2007, 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'07).