A Review of Handover Techniques in Wireless Ad hoc Networks Based on IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Standard

ABSTRACT The advancement of new technologies such as LTE-Advanced, WiMAX rel 2, and IEEE 802.11ac standards provides high data rate for mobile users across heterogeneous networks. The increase in data rate also provides support for multimedia and real-time applications. In order to provide better services and uninterrupted connection, a generalized connectivity must be provided to the mobile user across these technologies. In this article, we survey different techniques used to modify the existing Media Independent Handover standard of the IEEE 802.21 and how they reduce handover delay across heterogeneous networks. Furthermore, different parameters such as receive signal strength (RSS), signal-to-interference and noise ratio, data rate, bandwidth, energy consumption, user preferences, cost, and speed of a mobile node are taken into consideration which directly and indirectly affect a handover management process in heterogeneous wireless networks.

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