Artificial metabolism-inspired photoelectrochemical probing of biomolecules and cells

In this work, we have demonstrated the fabrication of Co3O4 nanoparticle-coated TiO2 NWs with enzyme surface functionalization, which represent an artificial metabolism-inspired photoelectrochemical biomolecule probing design. Driven by the solar energy, the oxidative species formed on the Co3O4–TiO2 photoanode serve as a charge shuttle between the photo-excited electrode surface and the redox enzyme that mimics a simple metabolism process, during which the enzyme can effectively function with high efficiency, thus leading to excellent sensitivity for metabolically important biomolecules. As a proof of concept, the successful probing of the ATP or cholesterol levels has been achieved using this Co3O4–TiO2–enzyme platform, with the capability of measurement in serum samples or from cell extracts.

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