Self-Organization of Local Cortical Circuits and Cortical Orientation Maps: A Nonlinear Hebbian Model of the Visual Cortex with Adaptive Lateral Couplings

A nonlinear, recurrent neural network model of the visual cortex is presented. Orientation maps emerge from adaptable afferent as well as plastic local intracortical circuits driven by random input stimuli. Lateral coupling structures self-organize into DOG profiles under the influence of pronounced emerging cortical activity blobs. The model’s simplified architecture and features are modeled to largely mimik neurobiological findings.

[1]  D. Hubel.  Exploration of the primary visual cortex, 1955–78 , 1982, Nature.

[2]  K. Obermayer,et al.  Geometry of orientation and ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[3]  T. Powell,et al.  Patterns of degeneration after intrinsic lesions of the visual cortex (area 17) of the monkey. , 1973, Brain research.

[4]  J. Horton.  Disruption of orientation tuning in visual cortex by artificially correlated neuronal activity. , 1997, Survey of ophthalmology.

[5]  J. Pettigrew,et al.  The effect of visual experience on the development of stimulus specificity by kitten cortical neurones , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  T. Wiesel,et al.  Lateral interactions in visual cortex. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[7]  K. Miller,et al.  Synaptic Economics: Competition and Cooperation in Synaptic Plasticity , 1996, Neuron.

[8]  R. Frostig,et al.  Optical imaging of neuronal activity. , 1988, Physiological reviews.

[9]  R. von der Heydt,et al.  Periodic-pattern-selective cells in monkey visual cortex , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[10]  S. Levay,et al.  Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: A quantitative study , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[11]  E W Lang,et al.  An Incremental Hebbian Learning Model of the Primary Visual Cortex with Lateral Plasticity and Real Input Patterns , 1999, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.

[12]  M. Stryker,et al.  Development of orientation selectivity in ferret visual cortex and effects of deprivation , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[13]  R Linsker,et al.  From basic network principles to neural architecture: emergence of spatial-opponent cells. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  D. G. Albrecht,et al.  Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex , 1982, Vision Research.

[15]  Thomas Burger,et al.  A CBL Network Model with Intracortical Plasticity and Natural Image Stimuli , 1997, ICANN.

[16]  Klaus Schulten,et al.  Models of Orientation and Ocular Dominance Columns in the Visual Cortex: A Critical Comparison , 1995, Neural Computation.

[17]  D. Hubel,et al.  Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception. , 1988, Science.

[18]  R. Soodak.  The retinal ganglion cell mosaic defines orientation columns in striate cortex. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  Elmar Wolfgang Lang,et al.  Self-Organization of Cortical Receptive Fields and Columnar Structures in a Hebb Trained Neural Network , 1995, IWANN.

[20]  Müller,et al.  Neural network model for the coordinated formation of orientation preference and orientation selectivity maps. , 1994, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[21]  M. Stryker,et al.  The role of visual experience in the development of columns in cat visual cortex. , 1998, Science.

[22]  D. Field,et al.  The structure and symmetry of simple-cell receptive-field profiles in the cat’s visual cortex , 1986, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[23]  K. Miller.  Development of orientation columns via competition between ON- and OFF-center inputs. , 1992, Neuroreport.

[24]  J. B. Levitt,et al.  Substrates for Interlaminar Connections in Area V1 of Macaque Monkey Cerebral Cortex , 1994 .

[25]  Tobias Bonhoeffer,et al.  Development of identical orientation maps for two eyes without common visual experience , 1996, Nature.

[26]  David I. Perrett,et al.  Modeling visual recognition from neurobiological constraints , 1994, Neural Networks.

[27]  Helge J. Ritter,et al.  Cortical Map Development Driven by Spontaneous Retinal Activity Waves , 1996, ICANN.

[28]  E. Callaway,et al.  Emergence and refinement of clustered horizontal connections in cat striate cortex , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[29]  G. Blasdel,et al.  Differential imaging of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity in monkey striate cortex , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[30]  D. Baylor,et al.  Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. , 1991, Science.

[31]  Amiram Grinvald,et al.  Iso-orientation domains in cat visual cortex are arranged in pinwheel-like patterns , 1991, Nature.

[32]  T. Wiesel,et al.  Local circuits and ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[33]  J. Daugman.  Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency, and orientation optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[34]  K. Miller.  Receptive Fields and Maps in the Visual Cortex: Models of Ocular Dominance and Orientation Columns* , 1996 .

[35]  Risto Miikkulainen,et al.  Topographic Receptive Fields and Patterned Lateral Interaction in a Self-Organizing Model of the Primary Visual Cortex , 1997, Neural Computation.

[36]  D. Hubel,et al.  The pattern of ocular dominance columns in macaque visual cortex revealed by a reduced silver stain , 1975, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[37]  R. Wong,et al.  Retinal waves and visual system development. , 1999, Annual review of neuroscience.

[38]  N. Swindale.  The development of topography in the visual cortex: a review of models. , 1996, Network.

[39]  Elmar Lang,et al.  Emergence of orientation maps in area 17 of the cerebral cortex: A correlation-based model with afferent and lateral plasticity of synaptical weights and real input patterns , 1997 .

[40]  Nicholas V. Swindale,et al.  Orientation tuning curves: empirical description and estimation of parameters , 1998, Biological Cybernetics.

[41]  KD Miller.  A model for the development of simple cell receptive fields and the ordered arrangement of orientation columns through activity-dependent competition between ON- and OFF-center inputs , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[42]  L C Katz,et al.  Development of local circuits in mammalian visual cortex. , 1992, Annual review of neuroscience.

[43]  Klaus Obermayer,et al.  Singularities in Primate Orientation Maps , 1997, Neural Computation.

[44]  J. P. Jones,et al.  The two-dimensional spatial structure of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.