A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials

SUMMARY Suppose that a cohort of individuals is to be followed in order to relate failure rates to preceding covariate histories. A design is proposed which involves covariate data only for cases experiencing failure and for members of a randomly selected subcohort. Odds ratio and relative risk estimation procedures are presented for such a 'case-cohort' design. A small simulation study compares case-cohort relative risk estimation procedures to full-cohort and synthetic case-control analyses. Relevance to epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials is discussed.

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