Modeling Surface Tension of Concentrated and Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte Systems

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the surface tension of aqueous, nonaqueous, and mixed-solvent electrolyte systems ranging from dilute solutions to fused salts. The model consists of a correlation for computing the surface tension of solvent mixtures and an expression for the effect of electrolyte concentration. The dependence of surface tension on electrolyte concentration has been derived from the Gibbs equation combined with a modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm for modeling the surface excess of species. The model extends the Langmuir adsorption formalism by introducing the effects of binary interactions between solute species (ions or molecules) on the surface. This extension is especially important for high electrolyte concentrations and in strongly speciated systems. The surface tension of mixed solvents is calculated by utilizing the surface tensions of the constituent pure components together with an effective surface concentration, which is defined for each component an...

[1]  M. Paredes,et al.  A new predictive model for liquid/air surface tension of mixtures: Hydrocarbon mixtures , 2010 .

[2]  C. Ghotbi,et al.  Application of the MSA-based models in correlating the surface tension for single and mixed electrolyte solutions , 2009 .

[3]  Y. Duan,et al.  Simplified Gradient Theory Modeling of the Surface Tension for Binary Mixtures , 2008 .

[4]  S. Edwards,et al.  Surface tension of electrolyte solutions: Comparing the effects of ionic dispersion forces and solvation , 2006 .

[5]  J. Gracia-Fadrique,et al.  Refractive Index, Surface Tension, and Density of Aqueous Mixtures of Carboxylic Acids at 298.15 K , 2006 .

[6]  R. Young,et al.  Modeling phase equilibria and speciation in mixed-solvent electrolyte systems: II. Liquid–liquid equilibria and properties of associating electrolyte solutions☆ , 2006 .

[7]  C. M. Romero,et al.  Surface tension of aqueous solutions of alcohol and polyols at 298.15 K , 2006 .

[8]  A. Graciaa,et al.  Modeling of the Surface Tension of Multicomponent Mixtures with the Gradient Theory of Fluid Interfaces , 2005 .

[9]  Hiroyuki Ohshima,et al.  Surface tension of electrolyte solutions , 2004 .

[10]  L. Bartovská,et al.  Concentration dependence of surface tension for very dilute aqueous solutions of organic nonelectrolytes , 2004 .

[11]  Huen Lee,et al.  Prediction of the surface tension of mixed electrolyte solutions based on the equation of Patwardhan and Kumar and the fundamental Butler equations. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[12]  Andrzej Anderko,et al.  A speciation-based model for mixed-solvent electrolyte systems , 2002 .

[13]  Zhibao Li,et al.  Prediction of interfacial tension between an organic solvent and aqueous solutions of mixed-electrolytes , 2002 .

[14]  G. Kalies,et al.  Calculation and prediction of adsorption excesses on the ternary liquid mixture/air interface from surface tension measurements. , 2002, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[15]  Zhibao Li,et al.  On the prediction of surface tension for multicomponent mixtures , 2001 .

[16]  Zhibao Li,et al.  Surface tension of aqueous electrolyte solutions at high concentrations — representation and prediction , 2001 .

[17]  Y. Levin.  Interfacial tension of electrolyte solutions , 2000, cond-mat/0009092.

[18]  Yigui Li,et al.  Surface tension for aqueous electrolyte solutions by the modified mean spherical approximation , 2000 .

[19]  Yigui Li,et al.  Surface Tension Model for Concentrated Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions by the Pitzer Equation , 1999 .

[20]  Nath.  Surface Tension of Nonideal Binary Liquid Mixtures as a Function of Composition. , 1999, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[21]  C. Myhre,et al.  Density and Surface Tension of Aqueous H2SO4 at Low Temperature , 1998 .

[22]  J. Navaza,et al.  Surface Tension of Organic Acids + Water Binary Mixtures from 20 °C to 50 °C , 1997 .

[23]  Gourdon,et al.  Predictive Model for the Calculation of Interfacial Tension in Nonideal Electrolytic Systems , 1997, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[24]  S. Fukusako,et al.  Surface tension of low-temperature aqueous solutions , 1996 .

[25]  R. Stairs.  Calculation of surface tension of salt solutions: effective polarizability of solvated ions , 1995 .

[26]  Estrella Alvarez,et al.  Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.C , 1995 .

[27]  S. Nath,et al.  Surface Tension of Nonelectrolyte Solutions , 1993 .

[28]  John-Chang Chen,et al.  Binary aqueous-organic surface tension temperature dependence , 1991 .

[29]  R. Danner,et al.  Physical And Thermodynamic Properties Of Pure Chemicals , 1991 .

[30]  P. Rasmussen,et al.  Prediction of surface tensions of nonelectrolyte solutions , 1989 .

[31]  J. D. Pandey,et al.  Statistical surface thermodynamics of quaternary liquid systems , 1989 .

[32]  M. Biddulph,et al.  Surface tensions of mixtures at their boiling points , 1988 .

[33]  Everett L. Shock,et al.  Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures: Correlation algorithms for ionic species and equation of state predictions to 5 kb and 1000°C , 1988 .

[34]  P. P. Kim,et al.  Density, viscosity, and surface tension of sulfuric acid solutions of formaldehyde , 1987 .

[35]  E. Chibowski,et al.  The influence of n-alcohols on the wettability of hydrophobic solids , 1985 .

[36]  A. L. Horvath.  Handbook of aqueous electrolyte solutions : physical properties, estimation, and correlation methods , 1985 .

[37]  J. Čeleda,et al.  The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions , 1984 .

[38]  J. Žilková,et al.  The metachors of polyvalent and associated electrolytes in aqueous solutions , 1984 .

[39]  A. F. Mills,et al.  Density, viscosity, surface tension, and carbon dioxide solubility and diffusivity of methanol, ethanol, aqueous propanol, and aqueous ethylene glycol at 25.degree.C , 1981 .

[40]  R. Reid,et al.  The Properties of Gases and Liquids , 1977 .

[41]  S. Hård,et al.  The surface tension of concentrated aqueous solutions of 1.1-electrolytes measured by means of Wilhelmy and laser light scattering methods , 1977 .

[42]  E. M. Kartzmark,et al.  Thermodynamic and other properties of methanol + acetone, carbon disulphide + acetone, carbon disulphide + methanol, and carbon disulphide + methanol + acetone , 1973 .

[43]  A. N. Campbell,et al.  Densities, Excess Volumes, Surface Tensions, Viscosities, and Dielectric Constants of the Systems: Methanol–Cyclohexane, Acetone–Methanol, Acetone–Cyclohexane, and Methanol–Cyclohexane–Acetone , 1972 .

[44]  G. C. Benson,et al.  Surface tensions of binary liquid systems. II. Mixtures of alcohols , 1972 .

[45]  V. V. Batrakov,et al.  Adsorption of Organic Compounds on Electrodes , 1971 .

[46]  K. Nakanishi,et al.  Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions of Some Glycols , 1971 .

[47]  G. C. Benson,et al.  Surface tensions of binary liquid systems. I. Mixtures of nonelectrolytes , 1970 .

[48]  R. Stairs,et al.  Surface tension of some non-aqueous salt solutions , 1970 .

[49]  S. K. Suri,et al.  Surface tension of some binary liquid mixtures , 1968 .

[50]  J. Prausnitz,et al.  LOCAL COMPOSITIONS IN THERMODYNAMIC EXCESS FUNCTIONS FOR LIQUID MIXTURES , 1968 .

[51]  K. Ridgway,et al.  Physical properties of the ternary system benzene-cyclohexane-hexane , 1967 .

[52]  J. C. Randall,et al.  The Surface Tension and Density of Binary Hydrocarbon Mixtures: Benzene-n-Hexane and Benzene-n-Dodecane , 1966 .

[53]  F. B. Sprow,et al.  Surface tensions of simple liquids , 1966 .

[54]  K. Kobe.  The properties of gases and liquids , 1959 .

[55]  Frank H. Stillinger,et al.  Surface Tension of Ionic Solutions , 1956 .

[56]  R. Bird,et al.  Surface tension and the principle of corresponding states , 1955 .

[57]  S. S. Mitra,et al.  Dependence of Surface Tension on Temperature , 1954 .

[58]  A. Michaels,et al.  Estimation of Surface Tensions , 1950 .

[59]  P. M. Aziz,et al.  The Surface Tension of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions at 25 , 1949 .

[60]  E. E. Litkenhous,et al.  The Physical Properties of the Ternary System Butyl Alcohol–Ethyl Acetate–Toluene. , 1940 .

[61]  H. Ruwe,et al.  The Physical Properties of the Ternary System Ethyl Alcohol–Glycerin–Water. , 1935 .

[62]  J. W. Belton.  The surface tensions of ternary solutions. Part III , 1935 .

[63]  Lars Onsager,et al.  The Surface Tension of Debye‐Hückel Electrolytes , 1934 .

[64]  E. A. Guggenheim,et al.  The Thermodynamics of Adsorption at the Surface of Solutions , 1933 .

[65]  J. Butler.  The thermodynamics of the surfaces of solutions , 1932 .

[66]  J. Morgan,et al.  THE PROPERTIES OF MIXED LIQUIDS. I. SULFURIC ACID-WATER MIXTURES. , 1916 .