Role of innervation in the control of bone remodeling.

During the last fifteen years, an increasing number of studies have examined the origin, the ontogeny, and the distribution of nerve fibers in bone. They have also investigated the nature of neuromediators conveyed by these skeletal nerve fibers. Experimental models of sensory and sympathetic denervation and clinical studies have shown that these two neuronal systems are involved in bone development, growth and remodeling. More recently, some new concepts regarding the role of nerve fibers in bone physiology have emerged with the demonstration of a leptin-dependent central control of bone formation via the sympathetic system. This new neural regulating pathway of bone cell functions could have enormous implications for human skeletal biology and treatment of bone pathologies.

[1]  N. Amizuka,et al.  Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of CGRP-positive nerve fibers at the epiphyseal trabecules facing the growth plate of rat femurs. , 1996, Bone.

[2]  G. Thomas,et al.  Hypothalamic Y2 receptors regulate bone formation. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[3]  A. Pitsillides,et al.  Mechanical strain‐induced NO production by bone cells: a possible role in adaptive bone (re)modeling? , 1995, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[4]  R. Chole,et al.  Sympathectomy, Which Induces Membranous Bone Remodeling, Has No Effect on Endochondral Long Bone Remodeling In Vivo , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[5]  Y. Konttinen,et al.  Neuropeptides and the puzzle of bone remodeling. State of the art. , 1996, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[6]  C. Hildebrand,et al.  The developmental skeletal growth in the rat foot is reduced after denervation , 1997, Anatomy and Embryology.

[7]  L. Lanyon,et al.  Enhancement by Sex Hormones of the Osteoregulatory Effects of Mechanical Loading and Prostaglandins in Explants of Rat Ulnae , 1997, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[8]  P. Mantyh,et al.  Origins of skeletal pain: sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur , 2002, Neuroscience.

[9]  P. Delmas,et al.  Evidence for a dense and intimate innervation of the bone tissue, including glutamate-containing fibers. , 1999, Bone.

[10]  R. Turner,et al.  Effects of neonatal sympathectomy and capsaicin treatment on bone remodeling in rats , 1991, Neuroscience.

[11]  M. Lišková,et al.  Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli. 5. Effect of intermittent stress on the rabbit tibia after resection of the peripheral nerves. , 1971, Folia morphologica.

[12]  Arndt F Schilling,et al.  Leptin Inhibits Bone Formation through a Hypothalamic Relay A Central Control of Bone Mass , 2000, Cell.

[13]  J. Hert,et al.  Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli , 1972 .

[14]  E. Hohmann,et al.  Innervation of periosteum and bone by sympathetic vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers. , 1986, Science.

[15]  Patricia Ducy,et al.  Leptin Regulates Bone Formation via the Sympathetic Nervous System , 2002, Cell.

[16]  F. Morvan,et al.  Chemical sympathectomy‐induced changes in TH‐, VIP‐, and CGRP‐immunoreactive fibers in the rat mandible periosteum: Influence on bone resorption , 2003, Journal of cellular physiology.

[17]  A. Ramnemark,et al.  Progressive Hemiosteoporosis on the Paretic Side and Increased Bone Mineral Density in the Nonparetic Arm the First Year after Severe Stroke , 1999, Osteoporosis International.