A power management system for energy harvesting and wireless sensor networks application based on a novel charge pump circuit

ABSTRACT Energy Harvesting circuits are developed as an alternative solution to supply energy to autonomous sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this context, this paper presents a micro-power management system for multi energy sources based on a novel design of charge pump circuit to allow the total autonomy of self-powered sensors. This work proposes a low-voltage and high performance charge pump (CP) suitable for implementation in standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. The CP design was implemented using Cadence Virtuoso with AMS 0.35μm CMOS technology parameters. Its active area is 0.112 mm2. Consistent results were obtained between the measured findings of the chip testing and the simulation results. The circuit can operate with an 800 mV supply and generate a boosted output voltage of 2.835 V with 1 MHz as frequency.

[1]  J. F. Dickson,et al.  On-chip high-voltage generation in MNOS integrated circuits using an improved voltage multiplier technique , 1976 .

[2]  C. Van Hoof,et al.  Micropower energy harvesting , 2009, ESSDERC 2009.

[3]  Ires Iskender,et al.  Design and analysis of a novel zero-voltage-transition interleaved boost converter for renewable power applications , 2010 .

[4]  R. Jacob Baker,et al.  CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation , 1997 .

[5]  Hyun-Lark Do Integrated ZVS DC–DC converter with continuous input current and high voltage gain , 2011 .

[6]  Hoi-Jun Yoo,et al.  A regulated charge pump with small ripple voltage and fast start-up , 2006, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[7]  Patrick L. Chapman Power management for energy harvesting devices , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium.

[8]  Mourad Loulou,et al.  An improved MOS charge pump circuit for low voltage operations and wireless sensor applications , 2011, ICM 2011 Proceeding.

[9]  T. Tanzawa,et al.  A dynamic analysis of the Dickson charge pump circuit , 1997, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[10]  Y. J. Park,et al.  A new charge pump without degradation in threshold voltage due to body effect [memory applications] , 2000, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[11]  Valtteri Niemi,et al.  Privacy of Community Pseudonyms in Wireless Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2012, Mobile Networks and Applications.

[12]  Chia-Sheng Tsai,et al.  A new charge pump circuit dealing with gate-oxide reliability issue in low-voltage processes , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512).

[13]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  A batteryless thermoelectric energy-harvesting interface circuit with 35mV startup voltage , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC).

[14]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  A Battery-Less Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With 35 mV Startup Voltage , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[15]  Rafael Palacios,et al.  Electrical Properties of Commercial Thermoelectric Modules , 2000 .

[16]  Foster F. Dai,et al.  A Novel DC-DC Charge Pump Circuit for Passive RFID Transponder , 2007, 2007 International Workshop on Electron Devices and Semiconductor Technology (EDST).

[17]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  A 1.9GHz RF Transmit Beacon using Environmentally Scavenged Energy , 2003 .

[18]  M. Loulou,et al.  PSO-based charge pump chip area minimization , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD).

[19]  Paolo Fiorini,et al.  Energy autonomous sensor systems: Towards a ubiquitous sensor technology , 2010, Microelectron. J..

[20]  Francisco Jurado,et al.  New topology for DC/DC bidirectional converter for hybrid systems in renewable energy , 2015 .

[21]  Hui Shao,et al.  Maximizing the harvested energy for micro-power applications through efficient MPPT and PMU design , 2010, 2010 15th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC).

[22]  Wei Hwang,et al.  High efficiency power management system for solar energy harvesting applications , 2010, 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems.

[23]  Tae-Sung Jung,et al.  Floating-well Charge Pump Circuits For Sub-2.0V Single Power Supply Flash Memories , 1997, Symposium 1997 on VLSI Circuits.

[24]  Mourad Loulou,et al.  Improved circuit model of photovoltaic cell for energy harvesting application , 2014, MELECON 2014 - 2014 17th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference.

[25]  Lon-Kou Chang,et al.  High efficiency MOS charge pumps based on exponential-gain structure with pumping gain increase circuits , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[26]  Jieh-Tsorng Wu,et al.  MOS charge pumps for low-voltage operation , 1998, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[27]  Mourad Loulou,et al.  Contour Graph Approach of Micropower Clock Generator Design for Energy Harvesting Charge Pump Circuits , 2014 .

[28]  Thomas Keutel,et al.  Energy harvesting for wireless sensor nodes in factory environments , 2014, 2014 IEEE 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD14).

[29]  Kihwan Choi,et al.  Floating-well Charge Pump Circuits For Sub-2.0V Single Power Supply Flash Memories , 1997 .

[30]  Soteris A. Kalogirou,et al.  Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for the Modeling, Simulation, and Performance Prediction of Solar Energy Systems , 2013 .