Thermal Imaging for the Archaeological Investigation of Historic Buildings

A significant problem in understanding the archaeology of standing buildings relates to the proscription to uncover features and structures within plastered and rendered walls due to the susceptibility and historic importance of such structures. Infrared thermography offers a method of visualization that is nondestructive and capable of revealing various types of archaeological anomaly that has been demonstrated on a small scale in the past. A passive infrared thermal camera is used to examine several historic buildings that are known or suspected to contain hidden archaeological information; the technique is also presented on complex, exposed historic building fabric. The results confirm that it is possible to detect various types of man-made anomaly and to differentiate building materials. In consequence, the use of passive thermal infrared imaging is shown to be a valuable tool in the examination and recording of historic buildings and structures.

[1]  Emmanouil Alexakis,et al.  Multispectral Applications of Infrared Thermography in the Diagnosis and Protection of Built Cultural Heritage , 2018 .

[2]  Antonia Moropoulou,et al.  Emissivity considerations in building thermography , 2003 .

[3]  John A. Hartigan,et al.  Clustering Algorithms , 1975 .

[4]  Ole Christensen,et al.  Functions, Spaces, and Expansions , 2010 .

[5]  Lev Eppelbaum,et al.  Applied Geothermics , 2014 .

[6]  V. Hamilton,et al.  A laboratory study of the effects of roughness on the thermal infrared spectra of rock surfaces , 2012 .

[7]  Jürgen Beyerer,et al.  Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection: Theory, Practice and Applications , 2015 .

[8]  Sara Dadras,et al.  Adaptive rapid defect identification in ECPT based on K-means and automatic segmentation algorithm , 2018 .

[9]  Wilhelm Burger,et al.  Digital Image Processing - An Algorithmic Introduction using Java , 2016, Texts in Computer Science.

[10]  Soteris A. Kalogirou,et al.  Application of infrared thermography for the determination of the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-Value) in building envelopes , 2011 .

[11]  Mark E. Everett.  Near-Surface Applied Geophysics: Preface , 2013 .

[12]  Graham Ferrier,et al.  Automated lithological mapping using airborne hyperspectral thermal infrared data: A case study from Anchorage Island, Antarctica , 2016 .

[13]  Massoud Kaviany.  Essentials of Heat Transfer: Radiation , 2011 .

[14]  Gary Chinga,et al.  Quantification of the 3D microstructure of SC surfaces , 2007, Journal of microscopy.

[15]  Maria Danese,et al.  Geophysical Methods and Spatial Information for the Analysis of Decaying Frescoes , 2018, Surveys in Geophysics.

[16]  Xavier Maldague,et al.  Theory and Practice of Infrared Technology for Nondestructive Testing , 2001 .

[17]  Vid Petrovic,et al.  High-resolution thermal imaging methodology for non-destructive evaluation of historic structures , 2015 .

[18]  Maria Danese,et al.  INVESTIGATING MATERIAL DECAY OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS USING VISUAL ANALYTICS WITH MULTI‐TEMPORAL INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC DATA , 2009 .

[19]  Rita Streblow,et al.  Thermisches Komfortmodell für inhomogene Umgebungsbedingungen , 2009 .

[20]  Oliver Kramer,et al.  Dimensionality Reduction with Unsupervised Nearest Neighbors , 2013, Intelligent Systems Reference Library.

[21]  Ernst Hairer,et al.  Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I: Nonstiff Problems , 2009 .

[22]  Peter Fritzson,et al.  Principles of Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation with Modelica 3.3: A Cyber-Physical Approach , 2014 .

[23]  Robert F. Sekerka.  Thermal Physics : Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers , 2015 .

[24]  Dongjie Tan.  Image Enhancement Based on Adaptive Median Filter and Wallis Filter , 2016 .

[25]  Haida Liang,et al.  Advances in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for archaeology and art conservation , 2012 .

[26]  Giovanni Maria Carlomagno,et al.  Infrared Thermography: Recent Advances And Future Trends , 2018 .

[27]  Publisher Taylor.  Thermal convection : patterns , evolution and stability , 2010 .

[28]  K. Ghazi Wakili,et al.  Effects of individual climatic parameters on the infrared thermography of buildings , 2013 .

[29]  S. J. Antony,et al.  Sensing Temperature and Stress Distributions on Rock Samples under Mechanical Loading , 2016 .

[30]  Elisabetta Rosina,et al.  Application of Infrared Thermography to Historic Building Investigation , 2009 .

[31]  E. R. Davies.  Computer and Machine Vision: Theory, Algorithms, Practicalities , 2012 .

[32]  Thomas Olofsson,et al.  Quantitative infrared thermography imaging of the density of heat flow rate through a building element surface , 2014 .

[33]  Asterios Bakolas,et al.  Non-destructive techniques as a tool for the protection of built cultural heritage , 2013 .

[34]  A. Abdel-azim.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2011 .

[35]  J. MacQueen.  Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations , 1967 .

[36]  Radka Pernicová,et al.  Thermophysical properties of hydrophobised lime plaster – Experimental analysis of moisture effect , 2016 .

[37]  Archaeology , 1987 .

[38]  David Jou,et al.  Recent Developments in Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Fluids and Related Topics , 1986 .

[39]  Rajendra Karwa.  Heat and Mass Transfer , 2017 .

[40]  Zhao-Liang Li,et al.  Quantitative Remote Sensing in Thermal Infrared: Theory and Applications , 2014 .

[41]  SIMONA RANERI.  COMPLEX PORE GEOMETRIES IN NATURAL BUILDING STONES : AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH FOR THE MODELING OF POROSITY CHANGES IN NATURAL , DEGRADED AND TREATED CALCARENITES , 2016 .

[42]  Pieter Jacobs Marius,et al.  Thermal infrared characterization of ground targets and backgrounds , 1996 .

[43]  Erich Nau,et al.  Large‐scale geophysical archaeological prospection pilot study at Viking Age and medieval sites in west Jutland, Denmark , 2017 .

[44]  Christopher J. Brooke,et al.  Ground-based remote sensing of buildings and archaeological sites: ten years research to operation , 1994 .

[45]  Xijuan Yue,et al.  A SAR IMAGE REGISTRATION METHOD BASED ON SIFT ALGORITHM , 2017 .

[46]  Toby Huitson.  Stairway to Heaven: The Functions of Medieval Upper Spaces , 2014 .

[47]  Antonino Cosentino,et al.  Identification of pigments by multispectral imaging; a flowchart method , 2014, Heritage Science.

[48]  Chris Gaffney,et al.  Revealing the Buried Past: Geophysics for Archaeologists , 2003 .

[49]  Elton Bauer,et al.  Analysis of building facade defects using infrared thermography: Laboratory studies , 2016 .

[50]  Agnese Piselli,et al.  Effect of wear from cleaning operations on sintered ceramic surfaces: Correlation of surface properties data with touch perception and digital image processing , 2017 .

[51]  Gary Chinga,et al.  Paper Surface Characterisation by Laser Profilometry and Image Analysis , 2003 .

[52]  Matthias Nussbaum,et al.  Advanced Digital Signal Processing And Noise Reduction , 2016 .

[53]  Elisabetta Rosina,et al.  Moisture detection in wood and plaster by IR thermography , 2004 .

[54]  Patricia Warke,et al.  Thermal response characteristics of stone: Implications for weathering of soiled surfaces in urban environments , 1996 .

[55]  Vladimir Platonovich Vavilov,et al.  Noise-limited thermal/infrared nondestructive testing , 2014 .

[56]  Richard J. Radke,et al.  Computer Vision for Visual Effects , 2012 .