Reading and writing descriptive and persuasive texts.

surge of research and pedagogical examination of reading-writing relationships in English as a first or native language (24; 26; 28; 31). The importance of reading-writing connections has recently become the focus of research in English as a second language (10; 11; 14; 15; 16; 17). Thus far, however, the ESL research on the reading-writing connection has examined the relationship at only a general level. For example, no studies have addressed the influence of specific aims of reading texts and writing tasks, e.g., persuasive vs. descriptive texts, and none has attempted to control either for the previous reading and writing experiences of students (e.g., undergraduate vs. graduate students) or overall proficiency in the second language. The present study was designed to determine the relationships of intermediate-level (Michigan 70-90) ESL students' reading and writing of both persuasive and descriptive texts.

[1]  Sandra L. Stotsky.  Research on Reading/Writing Relationships: A Synthesis and Suggested Directions , 1983, Language Arts.

[2]  Robert J. Tierney,et al.  Toward a Composing Model of Reading. , 1983 .

[3]  Ulla Connor,et al.  Linguistic/Rhetorical Measures for International Persuasive Student Writing , 1990 .

[4]  Elite Olshtain,et al.  The Interface of Reading and Writing. , 1980 .

[5]  W. Brewer.  Postscript: Imagery and text genre , 1988 .

[6]  T. Shanahan.  The Shared Knowledge of Reading and Writing. , 1987 .

[7]  Sybil B. Carlson,et al.  SURVEY OF ACADEMIC WRITING TASKS REQUIRED OF GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE FOREIGN STUDENTS , 1983 .

[8]  R. Tierney,et al.  What Is the Value of Connecting Reading and Writing? Reading Education Report No. 55. , 1984 .

[9]  Patricia L. Carrell,et al.  Facilitating ESL Reading by Teaching Text Structure , 1985 .

[10]  Karen L. Greenberg,et al.  The IEA Study of Written Composition I: The International Writing Tasks and Scoring Scales , 1989 .

[11]  Richard G. Lomax,et al.  An Analysis and Comparison of Theoretical Models of the Reading-Writing Relationship. , 1986 .

[12]  Barbara Kroll,et al.  Reading-Writing Relationships in First and Second Language† , 1990 .

[13]  P. Carrell.  ESP in Applied Linguistics: Refining Research Agenda Implications and Future Directions of Research on Second Language Reading. , 1987 .

[14]  A. Robert,et al.  James E. Vance Jr. The merchant's world : the geography of wholesaling. Englewood Cliffs (NJ), Prentice Hall, Foundations of Economic Geography Series, 1970 , 1972 .

[15]  Ruth Spack,et al.  Guidelines: A Cross-Cultural Reading/Writing Text , 1996 .

[16]  T. Shanahan.  Nature of the Reading-Writing Relation: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis. , 1984 .

[17]  Brent Bridgeman,et al.  RELATIONSHIP OF ADMISSION TEST SCORES TO WRITING PERFORMANCE OF NATIVE AND NONNATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH , 1985 .

[18]  Ann Raimes,et al.  The TOEFL Test of Written English: Causes for Concern , 1990 .