Adaptive radio resource management for ofdma-based macro- and femtocell networks

Las demandas y expectativas de los usuarios y operadores moviles crecen sin parar y, consecuentemente, los nuevos estandares han incorporado tecnologias de acceso de radio cada vez mas eficientes. Las especificaciones IMT-Advanced para la cuarta generacion (4G) de redes moviles de banda ancha requieren, entre otras cosas, tasas mas altas de transmision de datos, del orden de 100 Mbps a 1 Gbps, dependiendo del nivel de movilidad. Para conseguir estas tasas se ha escogido como tecnologia de acceso el Acceso Multiple por Division de Frecuencias Ortogonal (OFDMA), y se han considerado femtoceldas para mejorar la cobertura de espacios interiores. Para explorar completamente la flexibilidad de estas tecnologias y utilizar los escasos recursos radio de la manera mas eficiente posible se requieren tecnicas de Gestion de Recursos Radio (RRM) adaptativas e inteligentes. En el ambito de los sistemas celulares basados en OFDMA, uno de los problemas todavia no resuelto es el compromiso que existe entre la eficiencia en la utilizacion de los recursos y la equidad en su distribucion entre los usuarios de la red. El compromiso entre eficiencia y equidad aparece cuando los recursos radio asignados dan lugar a diferentes indicadores de eficiencia con respecto a los distintos usuarios de red (diversidad multi-usuario). El uso de una asignacion de recursos oportunista, para explorar estas diversidades y maximizar la capacidad, causa situaciones de desigualdad en la distribucion de los recursos. Por otro lado, los esquemas de RRM que propician equidad absoluta consideran un escenario de peor caso, penalizando a los usuarios con mejores condiciones y reduciendo la capacidad del sistema. En esta tesis, se han propuesto varias politicas y tecnicas de RRM para balancear este compromiso en el contexto de redes macrocelulares y femtocelulares. En el caso particular de sistemas macrocelulares, proponemos un nuevo paradigma de gestion de red basado en el control del indice de equidad de la celda en escenarios con servicios de tiempo no-real y de tiempo real. Se han estudiado dos enfoques para el control de la equidad: control instantaneo (a corto plazo) utilizando tecnicas de RRM de adaptacion de tasa y equidad, y control promediado (a mediano plazo) utilizando estructuras de RRM basadas en la Teoria de la Utilidad. En el caso de las femtoceldas, se ha formulado una nueva tecnica para evitar la interferencia capaz de balancear el compromiso entre eficiencia espectral y la equidad entre los puntos de acceso de las femtoceldas. Esta estrategia de RRM se basa en una planificacion a mediano/largo plazo de las frecuencias disponibles, que toma en consideracion la topologia de interferencia de grupos de femtoceldas vecinas. Las tecnicas de RRM consideradas en esta tesis se han evaluada utilizando de forma sistematica tecnicas de simulacion numericas a nivel de sistema. En el caso del escenario macrocelular, se demuestra que las tecnicas adaptativas de RRM propuestas son, para los operadores moviles una, herramienta valiosa porque, ademas de ser una generalizacion de estrategias clasicas bien conocidas, son capaces de garantizar de forma eficiente diferentes niveles de equidad en el sistema, y controlar el compromiso entre eficiencia y equidad. Ademas, se concluye que las estrategias basadas en la teoria de utilidad, que hacen un control promedio de la equidad, muestran resultados tan buenos o incluso mejores que los presentados por las tecnicas basadas en optimizacion instantanea de la adaptacion de la tasa y la equidad, utilizando menores recursos computacionales. Finalmente, se demuestra que la tecnica propuesta para evitar interferencia en redes de femtoceldas puede garantizar una coexistencia sin degradaciones entre punto de acceso vecinos para cualquier topologia de interferencia. Esta tecnica puede ser implementada mediante arquitecturas de red distribuidas o centralizadas, presentando en ambos casos unos requisitos de senalizacion muy bajos.

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