A comprehensive approach to molecular charge density models: From distributed multipoles to fitted atomic charges

Some alternative methodologies for the construction of reliable charge density models, involving distributed multipole schemes, potential fitted atomic charges, and a recent approach proposed by Ferenczy, are compared and analyzed critically. Ferenczy's method, which combines the distributed multipole description and the classical least-squares fit, allows one to get an insight into the well-known shortcomings of standard potential- or field-derived atomic charge models. It is now demonstrated that the conformational dependence of fitted point charges is not exclusively due to through-space inductive effects, but that it can be partly rationalized by the reorientation of the atomic multipoles. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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