Accurate Numerical Modelling of MV and HV Resistive Dividers

An effective computational tool for the simulation and design of voltage dividers has been realized. It takes advantage of a finite-element procedure for the accurate computation of the divider stray capacitances. These latter are then the input of a circuit solver procedure based on the modified node potential technique, which provides the divider frequency response. Furthermore, a test divider has been set up for the purpose of the tool validation. A very good agreement has been found between measured and computed results. This paper highlights that a correct representation of the resistors is necessary in the finite-element method (FEM) model, during the computation of the stray parameters. This issue has been clarified for the first time in this paper. In addition, a comparison between the FEM and boundary-element method has been carried out before the implementation of the numerical code, stating the superior effectiveness of FEM. The computational tool has been finally tested on a real voltage divider. Good results have been found in terms of computational accuracy. Limited discrepancies between measured and computed results have been found up to 10 kHz, with 5.7% for the scale factor and less than 24 mrad for the phase error.

[1]  Carmine Landi,et al.  A Characterized Method for the Real-Time Compensation of Power System Measurement Transducers , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[2]  N. Nagaoka,et al.  Parametric Study on Unit Step Responses of Impulse Voltage Measuring Systems Based on FDTD Simulations , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[3]  Mark Adamiak,et al.  IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems In Substations: An Overview for Users , 1988 .

[4]  S. Svensson,et al.  Voltage dividers with low phase angle errors for a wideband power measuring system , 2002, Conference Digest Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements.

[5]  Roman Malaric,et al.  Voltage ratio measurements using two digital voltmeters and resistive voltage divider , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[6]  Jianhui Wang,et al.  Smart Transmission Grid: Vision and Framework , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[7]  Deepak Divan,et al.  A Low-Cost Wireless Voltage Sensor for Monitoring MV/HV Utility Assets , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[8]  S. N. Spark,et al.  Study of a fast, high-impedance, high-voltage pulse divider , 2001 .

[9]  D. M. Parker,et al.  Medium-voltage sensors for the smart grid: Lessons learned , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[10]  Gert Rietveld,et al.  Measurement Infrastructure to Support the Reliable Operation of Smart Electrical Grids , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[11]  Jari Hällström,et al.  Optimization of field grading for a 1000 KV wide-band voltage divider , 2015 .

[12]  You Li,et al.  Study on methods of reduce resistive voltage dividers' phase shift , 2011, IEEE 2011 10th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments.

[13]  Albert E. Ruehli,et al.  The modified nodal approach to network analysis , 1975 .

[14]  Sreeramulu R. Naidu,et al.  The Stray-Capacitance Equivalent Circuit for Resistive Voltage Dividers , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[15]  I. Budovsky,et al.  Development of a precision resistive voltage divider for frequencies up to 100 kHz , 2010, CPEM 2010.

[16]  D. Giordano,et al.  Development of a RC medium voltage divider for on-site use , 2010, CPEM 2010.

[17]  Carmine Landi,et al.  Medium Voltage Divider Coupled With an Analog Optical Transmission System , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[18]  P.F. Ribeiro,et al.  Limits for Voltage Distortion in the Frequency Range 2 to 9 kHz , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[19]  Yang Xue,et al.  The design of a wide-band high-voltage divider , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.

[20]  Bonnie S. Heck,et al.  On-line correction of errors introduced by instrument transformers in transmission-level steady-state waveform measurements , 2000 .

[21]  Mauro Zucca,et al.  Modelling HV reference dividers for lightning impulses , 1999 .