History is Returning to Design
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Objects are not created in response to pure functional necessity, nor do they arise in the mind of the designer from an instinctual urge to create. They are the outcome of pre-existing conceptual frameworks whose structure is socially determined and whose aim is social. Buildings, cities, parks, and transportation networks are products of design decisions. These are implemented or enforced through institutions. Ultimately, interests operating in society support the conceptual frameworks and control the institutions.
[1] E. Panofsky. Gothic architecture and scholasticism , 1952 .
[2] Nikolaus Pevsner,et al. An Outline of European Architecture , 1950 .