Successful backcrosses of somatic hybrids between Sinapis alba and Brassica oleracea with the Brassica oleracea parent

Somatic hybrids between Sinapis alba (2n = 24) and Brassica oleracea (2n = 18) have been backcrossed with the B. oleracea parent. Whereas backcrosses with the diploid B. oleracea parent were unsuccessful, 344 BC, seeds could be obtained from inter-valence crosses with tetraploid B. oleracea (2n = 4x = 36). The investigated 96 BC, plants segregated for morphological traits and for fertility. They were backcrossed with diploid B. oleracea or self-pollinated, depending on their male fertility. The BC 1 F 2 and BC 2 progenies segregated well for the morphological traits. Disturbances were observed especially in the generative phase (flower development and pollen fertility). Both male fertile and male sterile BC 1 F 2 and BC 2 plants were obtained and backcrossed or self-pollinated with the B. oleracea parent. The presence of either one of the parental or the cybrid organelle genomes was detected. In the progenies, a stable maternal inheritance of the organelle genome patterns was observed. Isozyme analyses revealed polymorphism for the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) which was used for the identification of S. alba genes in the progenies. Cytological investigations showed a clear differentiation between the BC 1 F 2 and BC2 plants. Whereas the BC 1 F 2 plants possess large numbers of chromosomes ranging from 34 to 40, the BC2 material was strongly reduced to chromosome numbers ranging from 20 to 22. Preliminary investigation of the meiosis suggests the possibility of introgressions of S. alba-DNA into the B. oleracea genome.

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