Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study in a Spanish Clinical Sample

SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection and the course of its sequelae remain to be defined. The aim of this study is to analyze health status and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a Spanish sample of survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: Prospective observational study of patients who survived SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, between February 2020 and May 2020, with systematic evaluation at 3 and 12 months after the onset of the disease. The data were obtained by reviewing the clinical history and performing a physical examination, a chest X-ray, and a pulmonary function test on the patients. Additionally, the SF-36 questionnaire was administered for the HRQoL study. Results: In total, 130 patients aged 55.9 ± 15.9 years were included. Dyspnea (36.9%) and asthenia (36.2%) were the most frequent persistent symptoms. Fibrotic pulmonary changes were detected in 20.8% of the participants. Compared to the general population, significant deterioration was detected in all domains of the SF-36 questionnaire at 3 and 12 months post-COVID-19 infection. The greatest differences were in the physical role (RF) and in the emotional role (RE). Conclusions: COVID-19 pneumonia causes a long-term deterioration in HRQoL compared to the general population. Over time, a trend toward improvement is detected in most domains of the SF-36.

[1]  D. Vernerey,et al.  Result of one-year, prospective follow-up of intensive care unit survivors after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia , 2022, Annals of Intensive Care.

[2]  C. Tarrant,et al.  Impact of Covid-19 on health-related quality of life of patients: A structured review , 2021, PloS one.

[3]  Urvish K. Patel,et al.  Post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)—A systematic review and meta‐analysis , 2021, Journal of medical virology.

[4]  S. Villapol,et al.  More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2021, Scientific Reports.

[5]  Miguel Martin,et al.  Long-term impact of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome , 2021, Journal of Infection.

[6]  D. Sanchez-Ramirez,et al.  Long-Term Impact of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis , 2021, Biomedicines.

[7]  Mark G. Jones,et al.  3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study , 2021, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

[8]  T. Lancet Facing up to long COVID , 2020, The Lancet.

[9]  I. D. de Backer,et al.  Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life after COVID-19 pneumonia , 2020, Respiratory Medicine.

[10]  E. Martínez Chamorro,et al.  Diagnóstico radiológico del paciente con COVID-19 , 2020, Radiología.

[11]  E. Martínez Chamorro,et al.  Radiologic diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. , 2020, Radiologia.

[12]  M. Prokop,et al.  Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , 2020, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[13]  M. Prokop,et al.  Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , 2020, Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[14]  Luis Jara-Palomares,et al.  Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) para el seguimiento clínico post-COVID-19 , 2020, Open Respiratory Archives.

[15]  B. Plaud,et al.  Three-month quality of life in survivors of ARDS due to COVID-19: A preliminary report from a French academic centre , 2020, Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine.

[16]  J. Rymaszewska,et al.  The SARS-CoV-2 and mental health: From biological mechanisms to social consequences , 2020, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[17]  Leora I. Horwitz,et al.  Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study , 2020, BMJ.

[18]  Paolo Fusar-Poli,et al.  Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic , 2020, The Lancet Psychiatry.

[19]  Zunyou Wu,et al.  Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. , 2020, JAMA.

[20]  Tatsuki Koyama,et al.  Severity scoring of lung oedema on the chest radiograph is associated with clinical outcomes in ARDS , 2018, Thorax.

[21]  E. Balman,et al.  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) , 2017, The Grants Register 2022.

[22]  J. Sung,et al.  The 1-Year Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Survivors , 2005, Chest.

[23]  Gaietà Permanyer-Miralda,et al.  El Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 español: una década de experiencia y nuevos desarrollos , 2005 .

[24]  L. Prieto,et al.  Valores poblacionales de referencia de la versión española del Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 , 1998 .

[25]  Jacob Cohen Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[26]  C. E. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard , 2020 .