Méthodes d'approximation pour la reconstruction de signaux et le redimensionnement d'images. (Approximation methods for signal reconstruction and image resizing)

Ce travail porte sur la reconstruction de signaux et le redimensionnement d'images. La reconstruction vise a estimer une fonction dont on ne connait que des mesures lineaires eventuellement bruitees. Par exemple, le probleme d'interpolation uniforme consiste a estimer une fonction set) definie sur l'ensemble des reels, n'en connaissant que les valeurs s(k) aux entiers k. L'approche proposee est originale et consiste a effectuer une quasi-projection dans un espace fonctionnel fixe, en minimisant l'erreur d'approximation asymptotique lorsque le pas d'echantillonnage tend vers zero. Les cas ID, 2D cartesien, et 2D hexagonal sont evoques. Nous appliquons ensuite notre formalisme au probleme de l'agrandissement d'images, pour lequel seules des methodes non-lineaires s'averent a meme de synthetiser correctement l'information geometrique a laquelle nous sommes le plus sensibles. Nous proposons une methode appelee induction, a la fois simple, rapide et performante.

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