Using Carrier Sensing to Improve the Energy Consumption of Sensor Network Wake-Up Protocols Technical Report August 2004

In sensor networks, it is important for nodes to sleep a large portion of the time to conserve energy. However, nodes cannot communicate when sleeping and, therefore, need a mechanism to wake neighbors up when there is data to send. To address this problem, wake-up protocols are designed to determine when nodes should wake up. In this paper, we outline three categories to classify wake-up protocols and give examples of each. Based on this discussion, we choose to focus on protocols that use out-of-band mechanisms to wake other nodes up. After describing the trade-offs associated with this type of wake-up protocol, we present new analysis for two protocols from previous work, STEM [1], [2] and STEM-BT [2]. Based on this analysis, we identify areas where both of the protocols could be more energy efficient and present two new protocols, STEM-H and STEMBT2, to address this. Extensive analysis and simulation testing shows that the new protocols outperform the old protocols in virtually every scenario tested.

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