The bivariate distribution of amyloid-β and tau: relationship with established neurocognitive clinical syndromes

See Gordon and Tijms (doi:10.1093/brain/awz278) for a scientific commentary on this article. Jack et al. examine relationships between the bivariate distribution of β-amyloid and tau on PET and established neurocognitive clinical syndromes. Amyloidosis appears to be required for high levels of 3R/4R tau deposition. Whereas abnormal amyloid PET is compatible with normal cognition, highly abnormal tau PET is not.

[1]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  Association of Amyloid and Tau With Cognition in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease , 2019, JAMA neurology.

[2]  C. Jack,et al.  Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE): consensus working group report , 2019, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[3]  M. Carrillo,et al.  Association of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography With Subsequent Change in Clinical Management Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia , 2019, JAMA.

[4]  David T. Jones,et al.  Entorhinal cortex tau, amyloid-&bgr;, cortical thickness and memory performance in non-demented subjects , 2019, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[5]  I. Savitcheva,et al.  Clinical impact of [18F]flutemetamol PET among memory clinic patients with an unclear diagnosis , 2019, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[6]  W. M. van der Flier,et al.  Amyloid PET and cognitive decline in cognitively normal individuals: the SCIENCe project , 2019, Neurobiology of Aging.

[7]  Clifford R Jack,et al.  Tau PET in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease: relationship with cognition, dementia and other biomarkers , 2019, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[8]  C. Jack,et al.  “Alzheimer's disease” is neither “Alzheimer's clinical syndrome” nor “dementia” , 2019, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[9]  J. Trojanowski,et al.  Cognitive and Pathological Influences of Tau Pathology in Lewy Body Disorders , 2018, Annals of neurology.

[10]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  The impact of amyloid‐beta and tau on prospective cognitive decline in older individuals , 2018, Annals of neurology.

[11]  Clifford R. Jack,et al.  A Comparison of Partial Volume Correction Techniques for Measuring Change in Serial Amyloid PET SUVR , 2018, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[12]  C. Jack,et al.  Multisite study of the relationships between antemortem [11C]PIB-PET Centiloid values and postmortem measures of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology , 2018, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[13]  B. Miller,et al.  Discriminative Accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir Positron Emission Tomography for Alzheimer Disease vs Other Neurodegenerative Disorders , 2018, JAMA.

[14]  W. M. van der Flier,et al.  Association of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography With Changes in Diagnosis and Patient Treatment in an Unselected Memory Clinic Cohort: The ABIDE Project , 2018, JAMA neurology.

[15]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  Sex, amyloid, and APOE ε4 and risk of cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Findings from three well-characterized cohorts , 2018, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[16]  R. Petersen How early can we diagnose Alzheimer disease (and is it sufficient)? , 2018, Neurology.

[17]  L. Ferrucci,et al.  Effects of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration on cognitive change in cognitively normal adults , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[18]  J. Becker,et al.  Amyloid deposition and brain structure as long-term predictors of MCI, dementia, and mortality , 2018, Neurology.

[19]  W. Jagust,et al.  Subthreshold Amyloid Predicts Tau Deposition in Aging , 2018, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[20]  David T. Jones,et al.  FDG-PET in tau-negative amnestic dementia resembles that of autopsy-proven hippocampal sclerosis , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[21]  C. Rowe,et al.  Association of &bgr;-Amyloid and Apolipoprotein E &egr;4 With Memory Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease , 2018, JAMA neurology.

[22]  C. Jack,et al.  NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease , 2018, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[23]  David T. Jones,et al.  Tau-negative amnestic dementia masquerading as Alzheimer disease dementia , 2018, Neurology.

[24]  Andrew J. Saykin,et al.  Spatial patterns of neuroimaging biomarker change in individuals from families with autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study , 2018, The Lancet Neurology.

[25]  Theresa M. Harrison,et al.  Entorhinal Tau Pathology, Episodic Memory Decline, and Neurodegeneration in Aging , 2017, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[26]  Christopher G Schwarz,et al.  Widespread brain tau and its association with ageing, Braak stage and Alzheimer's dementia. , 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[27]  D. Y. Lee,et al.  Association of Cerebral Amyloid-&bgr; Aggregation With Cognitive Functioning in Persons Without Dementia , 2018, JAMA psychiatry.

[28]  O Almkvist,et al.  Longitudinal changes of tau PET imaging in relation to hypometabolism in prodromal and Alzheimer’s disease dementia , 2018, Molecular Psychiatry.

[29]  Clifford R. Jack,et al.  Tau, amyloid, and cascading network failure across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum , 2017, Cortex.

[30]  B. Ghetti,et al.  Comparative binding properties of the tau PET tracers THK5117, THK5351, PBB3, and T807 in postmortem Alzheimer brains , 2017, Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.

[31]  John C. Morris,et al.  AV-1451 PET imaging of tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer disease: Defining a summary measure , 2017, NeuroImage.

[32]  William J. Jagust,et al.  Comparison of multiple tau-PET measures as biomarkers in aging and Alzheimer's disease , 2017, NeuroImage.

[33]  M. Mintun,et al.  Effectiveness of Florbetapir PET Imaging in Changing Patient Management , 2017, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[34]  Alan J. Thomas,et al.  Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies , 2017, Neurology.

[35]  M. Frosch,et al.  [F-18]-AV-1451 binding correlates with postmortem neurofibrillary tangle Braak staging , 2017, Acta Neuropathologica.

[36]  David T. Jones,et al.  Defining imaging biomarker cut points for brain aging and Alzheimer's disease , 2017, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[37]  T. Montine,et al.  Neuropathological and genetic correlates of survival and dementia onset in synucleinopathies: a retrospective analysis , 2017, The Lancet Neurology.

[38]  M. Mintun,et al.  Relationships between flortaucipir PET tau binding and amyloid burden, clinical diagnosis, age and cognition , 2017, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[39]  David T. Jones,et al.  AV‐1451 tau and β‐amyloid positron emission tomography imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies , 2016, Annals of neurology.

[40]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  Tau Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging in the Lewy Body Diseases. , 2016, JAMA neurology.

[41]  Hanna Cho,et al.  In vivo cortical spreading pattern of tau and amyloid in the Alzheimer disease spectrum , 2016, Annals of neurology.

[42]  Luca Scrucca,et al.  mclust 5: Clustering, Classification and Density Estimation Using Gaussian Finite Mixture Models , 2016, R J..

[43]  Hanna Cho,et al.  Tau PET in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment , 2016, Neurology.

[44]  C. Rowe,et al.  THE TAU METER SCALE FOR THE GENERATION OF CONTINUOUS AND CATEGORICAL MEASURES OF TAU DEPOSITS IN THE BRAIN: RESULTS FROM 18F-AV1451 AND 18F-THK5351 TAU IMAGING STUDIES , 2016, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[45]  Clifford R. Jack,et al.  An autoradiographic evaluation of AV-1451 Tau PET in dementia , 2016, Acta Neuropathologica Communications.

[46]  Daniel R. Schonhaut,et al.  Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer's disease. , 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[47]  A. Fagan,et al.  Longitudinal relationships among biomarkers for Alzheimer disease in the Adult Children Study , 2016, Neurology.

[48]  W. Jagust,et al.  Amyloid negativity in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease and MCI , 2016, Neurology.

[49]  Daniel R. Schonhaut,et al.  PET Imaging of Tau Deposition in the Aging Human Brain , 2016, Neuron.

[50]  Jorge Sepulcre,et al.  Tau positron emission tomographic imaging in aging and early Alzheimer disease , 2016, Annals of neurology.

[51]  B. Dickerson,et al.  Suspected non-AD pathology in mild cognitive impairment , 2015, Neurobiology of Aging.

[52]  C. Kawas,et al.  Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old , 2015, Neurology.

[53]  Karen M Rodrigue,et al.  Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis. , 2015, JAMA.

[54]  Clifford R. Jack,et al.  Clinicopathologic and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B implications of Thal amyloid phase across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum , 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[55]  Alan J. Thomas,et al.  Neuropathologically mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease: burden of pathological protein aggregates differs between clinical phenotypes , 2015, Acta Neuropathologica.

[56]  Robert A. Koeppe,et al.  The Centiloid Project: Standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET , 2015, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[57]  Janna H. Neltner,et al.  Primary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging , 2014, Acta Neuropathologica.

[58]  Min-Ying Su,et al.  Early clinical PET imaging results with the novel PHF-tau radioligand [F18]-T808. , 2014, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[59]  Nick C Fox,et al.  Regional variability of imaging biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[60]  C. Rowe,et al.  Amyloid β deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study , 2013, The Lancet Neurology.

[61]  C. Jack,et al.  Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers , 2013, The Lancet Neurology.

[62]  Min-Ying Su,et al.  Early clinical PET imaging results with the novel PHF-tau radioligand [F-18]-T807. , 2013, Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.

[63]  Paul Edison,et al.  A European multicentre PET study of fibrillar amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease , 2012, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[64]  S. DeKosky,et al.  Amyloid imaging in dementias with atypical presentation , 2012, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[65]  Nick C Fox,et al.  Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[66]  K. Jellinger,et al.  Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature , 2012, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[67]  W. Kukull,et al.  Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005–2010 , 2012, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[68]  B. Yawn,et al.  Generalizability of epidemiological findings and public health decisions: an illustration from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. , 2012, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[69]  J. Schneider,et al.  National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease , 2012, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[70]  Dietmar R. Thal,et al.  Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years , 2011, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[71]  Nick C Fox,et al.  Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. , 2011, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[72]  J. Morris,et al.  The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease , 2011, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[73]  Richard J. Kryscio,et al.  Alzheimer’s disease is not “brain aging”: neuropathological, genetic, and epidemiological human studies , 2011, Acta Neuropathologica.

[74]  B. Miller,et al.  Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants , 2011, Neurology.

[75]  C. Jack,et al.  Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade , 2010, The Lancet Neurology.

[76]  H. Engler,et al.  High PIB retention in Alzheimer's disease is an early event with complex relationship with CSF biomarkers and functional parameters. , 2009, Current Alzheimer research.

[77]  W. Jagust,et al.  Aβ amyloid and glucose metabolism in three variants of primary progressive aphasia , 2008, Annals of neurology.

[78]  V. Pankratz,et al.  The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging: Design and Sampling, Participation, Baseline Measures and Sample Characteristics , 2008, Neuroepidemiology.

[79]  David A. Bennett,et al.  Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons , 2007, Neurology.

[80]  S. Haneuse,et al.  Pathological correlates of dementia in a longitudinal, population‐based sample of aging , 2007, Annals of neurology.

[81]  Charles D. Smith,et al.  Neuropathologic substrate of mild cognitive impairment. , 2006, Archives of neurology.

[82]  R. Petersen Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity , 2004, Journal of internal medicine.

[83]  M. Albert,et al.  Early Aβ accumulation and progressive synaptic loss, gliosis, and tangle formation in AD brain , 2004, Neurology.

[84]  J. Schneider,et al.  Neurofibrillary tangles mediate the association of amyloid load with clinical Alzheimer disease and level of cognitive function. , 2004, Archives of neurology.

[85]  W. Klunk,et al.  Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound‐B , 2004, Annals of neurology.

[86]  R. Hu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) , 2003 .

[87]  Richard Hollister,et al.  Neuronal loss correlates with but exceeds neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease , 1997, Annals of neurology.

[88]  A. Raftery,et al.  Model-based Gaussian and non-Gaussian clustering , 1993 .

[89]  Bradley T. Hyman,et al.  Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease , 1992, Neurology.

[90]  M. Folstein,et al.  Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease , 1984, Neurology.