Dense Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Over Multicore and Multimode Fiber for Long-haul Transport Systems

In this paper, we review recent progress on space division multiplexed (SDM) transmission and our proposal of dense SDM (DSDM) with more than 30 spatial channels toward capacities beyond petabit/s. Furthermore, we discuss the requirements for realizing long-haul DSDM transport systems using multicore and/or multimode fiber, including power and space efficient amplification schemes, the use of fibers with large effective areas and transmission lines with low intercore crosstalk, low differential mode delay (DMD), and low mode dependent loss (MDL). Graded index heterogeneous 12-core × 3-mode fiber with low crosstalk, low DMD, and low MDL, parallel multiple-input and multiple-output signal processing, low mode dependent gain Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, and MDL equalization technologies are significant as regards extending the reach of multicore and multimode transmission. We review our long-distance transmission experiment on polarization-division multiplexed 16-quadrature amplitude modulation signaling over 12-core × 3-mode fiber.

[1]  Kunimasa Saitoh,et al.  Heterogeneous multi-core fibers: proposal and design principle , 2009, IEICE Electron. Express.

[2]  T. Morioka.  New generation optical infrastructure technologies: “EXAT initiative” towards 2020 and beyond , 2009, 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference.

[3]  P. Winzer,et al.  Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[4]  B Zhu,et al.  112-Tb/s space-division multiplexed DWDM transmission with 14-b/s/Hz aggregate spectral efficiency over a 76.8-km seven-core fiber. , 2011, Optics express.

[5]  Yusuke Sasaki,et al.  Large-effective-area ten-core fiber with cladding diameter of about 200 μm. , 2011, Optics letters.

[6]  E. Ip,et al.  101.7-Tb/s (370×294-Gb/s) PDM-128QAM-OFDM transmission over 3×55-km SSMF using pilot-based phase noise mitigation , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[7]  J. Kahn,et al.  Mode-dependent loss and gain: statistics and effect on mode-division multiplexing. , 2011, Optics express.

[8]  T. Kawanishi,et al.  109-Tb/s (7×97×172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSK transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-core fiber , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[9]  Guifang Li,et al.  Multimode fiber amplifier with tunable modal gain using a reconfigurable multimode pump , 2011 .

[10]  L Grüner-Nielsen,et al.  First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for Space Division Multiplexed transmission systems. , 2011, Optics express.

[11]  B Zhu,et al.  Amplification and noise properties of an erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. , 2011, Optics express.

[12]  S. Randel,et al.  Space-division multiplexed transmission over 4200-km 3-core microstructured fiber , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[13]  Maxim Kuschnerov,et al.  73.7 Tb/s (96X3x256-Gb/s) mode-division-multiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA , 2012 .

[14]  T. Kobayashi,et al.  102.3-Tb/s (224 × 548-Gb/s) C- and extended L-band all-Raman transmission over 240 km using PDM-64QAM single carrier FDM with digital pilot tone , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[15]  Maxim Kuschnerov,et al.  Impact of mode coupling on the mode-dependent loss tolerance in few-mode fiber transmission , 2012 .

[16]  M. Koshiba,et al.  Crosstalk and Core Density in Uncoupled Multicore Fibers , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[17]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  1.01-Pb/s (12 SDM/222 WDM/456 Gb/s) Crosstalk-managed Transmission with 91.4-b/s/Hz Aggregate Spectral Efficiency , 2012 .

[18]  B. Puttnam,et al.  305 Tb/s Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Using Homogeneous 19-Core Fiber , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  K. Takenaga,et al.  Multicore fiber with ring structure , 2013, 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series.

[20]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  708-km Combined WDM/SDM Transmission over Few-Mode Fiber Supporting 12 Spatial and Polarization Modes , 2013 .

[21]  K. Petermann,et al.  Splice loss requirements in multi-mode fiber mode-division-multiplex transmission links. , 2013, Optics express.

[22]  Yoshiteru Abe,et al.  Amplification method for crosstalk reduction in multi-core fibre amplifier , 2013 .

[23]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  Spatial multiplexing: The next frontier in network capacity scaling , 2013 .

[24]  A. Gnauck,et al.  32-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency WDM transmission over 177-km few-mode fiber , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[25]  M. Koshiba,et al.  409-Tb/s + 409-Tb/s crosstalk suppressed bidirectional MCF transmission over 450 km using propagation-direction interleaving. , 2013, Optics express.

[26]  Takayuki Kobayashi,et al.  2 × 344 Tb/s propagation-direction interleaved transmission over 1500-km MCF enhanced by multicarrier full electric-field digital back-propagation , 2013 .

[27]  Yutaka Miyamoto.  Crosstalk-managed multicore fiber transmission with the capacity beyond 1 Pbit/s , 2013 .

[28]  Yoshiteru Abe,et al.  Low-loss Physical-contact-type Fan-out Device for 12-core Multicore Fiber , 2013 .

[29]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  12-core × 3-mode dense space division multiplexed transmission over 40 km employing multi-carrier signals with parallel MIMO equalization , 2014, OFC 2014.

[30]  Naoya Wada,et al.  19-core MCF transmission system using EDFA with shared core pumping coupled via free-space optics. , 2014, Optics express.

[31]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  Mode-dependent loss, gain, and noise in MIMO-SDM systems , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[32]  H. de Waardt,et al.  1 Km hole-assisted few-mode multi-core fiber 32QAM WDM transmission , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[33]  S. Chandrasekhar,et al.  1705-km transmission over coupled-core fibre supporting 6 spatial modes , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[34]  E. Ip,et al.  146λ × 6 × 19-Gbaud Wavelength-and Mode-Division Multiplexed Transmission Over 10 × 50-km Spans of Few-Mode Fiber With a Gain-Equalized Few-Mode EDFA , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[35]  H. Takara,et al.  Crosstalk-Managed High Capacity Long Haul Multicore Fiber Transmission With Propagation-Direction Interleaving , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[36]  B. Lankl,et al.  41.6 Tb/s C-band SDM OFDM transmission through 12 spatial and polarization modes over 74.17 km few mode fiber , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[37]  M. Oguma,et al.  Dense SDM (12-core × 3-mode) transmission over 527 km with 33.2-ns mode-dispersion employing low-complexity parallel MIMO frequency-domain equalization , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[38]  M. Oguma,et al.  Mode dependent loss equaliser and impact of MDL on PDM-16QAM few-mode fibre transmission , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[39]  N. Wada,et al.  2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[40]  I. Morita,et al.  2.05 Peta-bit/s super-nyquist-WDM SDM transmission using 9.8-km 6-mode 19-core fiber in full C band , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[41]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  114 space-division-multiplexed transmission over 9.8-km weakly-coupled-6-mode uncoupled-19-core fibers , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[42]  I. Morita,et al.  51.1-Tbit/s MCF transmission over 2,520 km using cladding pumped 7-core EDFAs , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[43]  Laurent Bigot,et al.  Few-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: A Review , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[44]  Y. Miyamoto,et al.  High-density multicore fiber with heterogeneous core arrangement , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[45]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  Dense space division multiplexing long haul transport system using multi-core/multi-mode fibre , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[46]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  Ultra-Long-Haul High-Capacity Super-Nyquist-WDM Transmission Experiment Using Multi-Core Fibers , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[47]  Mark Shtaif,et al.  Modeling and performance metrics of MIMO-SDM systems with different amplification schemes in the presence of mode-dependent loss. , 2015, Optics express.

[48]  N. Wada,et al.  Realizing a 36-core, 3-mode fiber with 108 spatial channels , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[49]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  Dense space division multiplexed transmission over multi-core and multi-mode fiber , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[50]  Nicolas K. Fontaine,et al.  Efficient annular cladding amplifier with six, three-mode cores , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[51]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  High-spatial-multiplicity multi-core fibres for future dense space-division-multiplexing system , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[52]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  High capacity dense SDM transmission using multi-core few-mode fiber , 2015, 2015 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC).

[53]  L. Gruner-Nielsen,et al.  72-Tb/s transmission over 179-km all-fiber 6-mode span with two cladding pumped in-line amplifiers , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[54]  Haoshuo Chen,et al.  30×30 MIMO transmission over 15 spatial modes , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[55]  M. Koshiba,et al.  Few-Mode Multicore Fiber With 36 Spatial Modes (Three Modes (LP$_{\bf 01}$ , LP$_{\bf 11a}$, LP $_{\bf 11b}$) × 12 Cores) , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[56]  A. M. Velazquez-Benitez,et al.  10-Mode mode-multiplexed transmission over 125-km single-span multimode fiber , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[57]  N. Fontaine,et al.  41.6 Tbit/s C-Band SDM OFDM Transmission Through 12 Spatial and Polarization Modes Over 74.17 km Few Mode Fiber , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[58]  N. K. Fontaine,et al.  Distributed Raman amplification based transmission over 1050-km few-mode fiber , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[59]  H. Ono,et al.  Improvement of differential modal gain in few-mode fibre amplifier by employing ring-core erbium-doped fibre , 2015 .

[60]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  120.7-Tb/s MCF-ROPA Unrepeatered Transmission of PDM-32QAM Channels Over 204 km , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[61]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  Dense Space-Division Multiplexed Transmission Systems Using Multi-Core and Multi-Mode Fiber , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[62]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  Dense SDM (12-Core $\times$ 3-Mode) Transmission Over 527 km With 33.2-ns Mode-Dispersion Employing Low-Complexity Parallel MIMO Frequency-Domain Equalization , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.