Analytical aspects of chemically modified electrodes: Classification, critical evaluation and recommendations (IUPAC Recommendations 1998)

Analytical aspects of chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) are critically reviewed. Effects of analyte and/or reagent accumulation, chemical transformation, electrocatalysis, permeability, ionic equilibria, controlled release, and change of mass, as well as combinations of these effects are evaluated and classified. Also, relevant definitions are provided and recommendations formulated for the most effective CME operation.