A Comparison of Spider Communities in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields

ABSTRACT To assess the potential adverse effects of a Bt rice line (Japonica rice cultivar, Nakdong) expressing a synthetic cry1Ac1 gene, C7-1-9-1-B, which was highly active against all larval stages of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), we investigated the community structure of spiders in Bt and non-Bt rice fields during the rice-growing season in 2007 and 2008 in Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Spiders were surveyed with a sweep net and suction device. Suction sampling captured more spiders, measured in terms of species level and abundance, than sweeping. Araneidae and Thomisidae were captured more by sweeping, and certain species were captured only by sweeping. These findings show that both suction and sweep sampling methods should be used because these methods are most likely complementary. In total, 29 species in 23 genera and nine families were identified from the 4,937 spiders collected, and both Bt and non-Bt rice fields showed a typical Korean spider assemblage. The temporal patterns of spider species richness and spider abundance were very similar between Bt and non-Bt rice, although significant differences in species richness were observed on a few occasions. Overall, spider community structure, including diversity, the dominant species, and abundance did not differ between Bt and non-Bt rice. The results of the study indicated that the transgenic Cry1Ac rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the spider community structure of the rice fields.

[1]  Tanja Hueber,et al.  Relationships Of Natural Enemies And Non Prey Foods , 2016 .

[2]  G. Yè,et al.  Impact Assessments of Transgenic cry1Ab Rice on the Population Dynamics of Five Non-Target Thrips Species and Their General Predatory Flower Bug in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields Using Color Sticky Card Traps , 2013 .

[3]  Manqun Wang,et al.  The Influence of Transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac, cry1C and cry2A Rice on Non-Target Planthoppers and Their Main Predators Under Field Conditions , 2011 .

[4]  J. Harwood,et al.  Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crops with spiders (Araneae) , 2011 .

[5]  M. Perc,et al.  Niche partitioning in orbweaving spiders Meta menardi and Metellina merianae (Tetragnathidae). , 2010 .

[6]  Jörg Romeis,et al.  Laboratory toxicity studies demonstrate no adverse effects of Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 to larvae of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): the importance of study design , 2010, Transgenic Research.

[7]  G. Yè,et al.  Laboratory and Field Assessments of Prey-Mediated Effects of Transgenic Bt Rice on Ummeliata insecticeps (Araneida: Linyphiidae) , 2010, Environmental entomology.

[8]  Joon-Ho Lee,et al.  Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2010 , 2009 .

[9]  M. Meissle,et al.  The web‐building spider Theridion impressum (Araneae: Theridiidae) is not adversely affected by Bt maize resistant to corn rootworms , 2009 .

[10]  Kyeong-Ryeol Lee.  Metabolic engineering for production of industrial oils in transgenic plants , 2009 .

[11]  H. Woo,et al.  Molecular biological characteristics and analysis using the specific markers of leaf folder-resistant GM rice , 2009 .

[12]  J. Edirisinghe,et al.  Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Arthropod Communities in a Rice Agro-Ecosystem , 2009 .

[13]  Steven E. Naranjo,et al.  Impacts of Bt crops on non-target invertebrates and insecticide use patterns , 2009 .

[14]  A. Shelton,et al.  Analysis of Cry1Ab toxin bioaccumulation in a food chain of Bt rice, an herbivore and a predator , 2009, Ecotoxicology.

[15]  R. Hellmich,et al.  Impact of Insect-resistant Transgenic Crops on Above-ground Non-target Arthropods , 2009 .

[16]  F. Ortego,et al.  Diversity and seasonal phenology of aboveground arthropods in conventional and transgenic maize crops in Central Spain , 2008 .

[17]  John R. Ruberson,et al.  Interactions of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in genetically engineered cotton with predatory heteropterans , 2008, Transgenic Research.

[18]  Yanqing Wang,et al.  The status of GM rice R&D in China , 2007, Nature Biotechnology.

[19]  G. Yè,et al.  Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields , 2007, Environmental entomology.

[20]  A. Lang,et al.  A 3-year field-scale monitoring of foliage-dwelling spiders (Araneae) in transgenic Bt maize fields and adjacent field margins , 2006 .

[21]  S. Datta,et al.  Field Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Rice Expressing a Fused Gene of cry1Ab and cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Nontarget Planthopper and Leafhopper Populations , 2006 .

[22]  M. Whitehouse,et al.  A Comparison of Arthropod Communities in Transgenic Bt and Conventional Cotton in Australia , 2005 .

[23]  J. Harwood,et al.  Uptake of Bt endotoxins by nontarget herbivores and higher order arthropod predators: molecular evidence from a transgenic corn agroecosystem , 2005, Molecular ecology.

[24]  S. Arpaia,et al.  The impact of transgenic plants on natural enemies: a critical review of laboratory studies , 2005 .

[25]  Timothy J. Dennehy,et al.  Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Bt and Non-Bt Cotton Fields , 2004 .

[26]  I. Altosaar,et al.  Achieving successful deployment of Bt rice. , 2004, Trends in plant science.

[27]  C. N. Stewart,et al.  Larvicidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are released in root exudates of transgenic B. thuringiensis corn, potato, and rice but not of B. thuringiensis canola, cotton, and tobacco. , 2004, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.

[28]  F. Bigler,et al.  Assessing the risks of insect resistant transgenic plants on entomophagous arthropods Bt-maize expressing Cry1Ab as a case study , 2003, BioControl.

[29]  G. Uetz.  The influence of variation in litter habitats on spider communities , 2004, Oecologia.

[30]  Robert K. Colwell,et al.  Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness , 2001 .

[31]  G. Uetz,et al.  GUILD STRUCTURE OF SPIDERS IN MAJOR CROPS , 1999 .

[32]  S. Marshall,et al.  SPIDER COMPETITION IN STRUCTURALLY SIMPLE ECOSYSTEMS , 1999 .

[33]  J. Axelsen,et al.  Pest control by a community of natural enemies. , 1997 .

[34]  Joon-Ho Lee,et al.  Arthropod community in small rice fields associated with different planting methods in Suwon and Icheon. , 1997 .

[35]  J. Litsinger,et al.  Quantifying the Impact of Insecticides on Food Web Structure of Rice-Arthropod Populations in a Philippine Farmer’s Irrigated Field: A Case Study , 1996 .

[36]  D. Wise.  Spiders in Ecological Webs , 1993 .

[37]  H. Mader,et al.  Linear barriers to arthropod movements in the landscape , 1990 .

[38]  E. A. Heinrichs,et al.  Economic Injury Levels for the Rice Leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Insect Infestation and Artificial Leaf Removal , 1984 .

[39]  M. Shimazu,et al.  Seasonal Changes of the Proportions of Mated Females in the Field Population of the Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENEE (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) , 1980 .