Increased systolic blood pressure after mild cold and rewarming: relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis and age

Aim:  Higher winter mortality in elderly has been associated with augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) response and with impaired defense of core temperature. Here we investigated whether the augmented SBP upon mild cold exposure remains after a rewarming period, and whether SBP changes are linked to thermoregulation. Therefore, we tested the following hypotheses: cold‐induced increase in SBP (1) remains augmented after rewarming in elderly compared to young adults (2) is related to non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) upon mild cold (3) is related to vasoconstriction upon mild cold.

[1]  E BROUWER,et al.  On simple formulae for calculating the heat expenditure and the quantities of carbohydrate and fat oxidized in metabolism of men and animals, from gaseous exchange (Oxygen intake and carbonic acid output) and urine-N. , 1957, Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Neerlandica.

[2]  G. Brengelmann,et al.  Control of skin blood flow in the neutral zone of human body temperature regulation. , 1996, Journal of applied physiology.

[3]  W. Saris,et al.  Cold‐Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis in Lean and Obese , 2010, Obesity.

[4]  L. Walløe,et al.  Skin blood flow in humans as a function of environmental temperature measured by ultrasound. , 1980, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[5]  K. Westerterp,et al.  Cold-induced heat production preceding shivering , 2005, British Journal of Nutrition.

[6]  J. Tardif,et al.  Does membrane fatty acid composition modulate mitochondrial functions and their thermal sensitivities? , 2008, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.

[7]  H. H. Pennes.  Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. , 1948, Journal of applied physiology.

[8]  W. D. van Marken Lichtenbelt,et al.  Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  A Astrup.  Thermogenesis in human brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle induced by sympathomimetic stimulation. , 1986, Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum.

[10]  Heaton Jm.  The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. , 1972 .

[11]  Wim H. M. Saris,et al.  Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Is Associated with Cold Induced Adaptive Thermogenesis , 2008, PloS one.

[12]  H. Kaciuba-uścilko,et al.  Gender differences in thermoregulation , 2001, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[13]  W. D. van Marken Lichtenbelt,et al.  Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade does not inhibit cold-induced thermogenesis in humans: possible involvement of brown adipose tissue. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[14]  K. Monahan,et al.  Aging affects the cardiovascular responses to cold stress in humans. , 2009, Journal of applied physiology.

[15]  Jan Nedergaard,et al.  The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue , 2009, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[16]  Paul Wilkinson,et al.  Vulnerability to winter mortality in elderly people in Britain: population based study , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[17]  W Larry Kenney,et al.  CALL FOR PAPERS Physiology and Pharmacology of Temperature Regulation Impaired defense of core temperature in aged humans during mild cold stress , 2006 .

[18]  K. Conley,et al.  Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Impact on Exercise Performance and Cellular Aging , 2007, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[19]  Caitlin Thompson,et al.  Altered neurotransmitter control of reflex vasoconstriction in aged human skin , 2004, The Journal of physiology.

[20]  Ken Parsons,et al.  Human Thermal Environments , 1993 .

[21]  T. K. Bergersen,et al.  Core body temperature and the thermoneutral zone: a longitudinal study of normal human pregnancy , 2011, Acta physiologica.

[22]  A N Exton-Smith,et al.  Effects of age on body temperature and blood pressure in cold environments. , 1985, Clinical science.

[23]  F. Mora,et al.  The Hot Brain: Survival, Temperature, and the Human Body , 2000 .

[24]  Lacy A. Holowatz,et al.  Aging and the control of human skin blood flow. , 2010, Frontiers in bioscience.

[25]  Bas A J M de Mol,et al.  Effect of forced-air heaters on perfusion and temperature distribution during and after open-heart surgery. , 2007, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

[26]  D. Rennie,et al.  Tissue heat transfer in water: lessons from the Korean divers. , 1988, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[27]  N. Westerhof,et al.  Regional body composition as a determinant of arterial stiffness in the elderly: The Hoorn Study , 2004, Journal of Hypertension.

[28]  K. Collins,et al.  Circadian body temperatures and the effects of a cold stress in elderly and young subjects. , 1995, Age and ageing.

[29]  T. K. Bergersen,et al.  A search for arteriovenous anastomoses in human skin using ultrasound Doppler. , 1993, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[30]  Hein A.M. Daanen,et al.  Evaluation of wireless determination of skin temperature using iButtons , 2006, Physiology & Behavior.

[31]  D. Sessler,et al.  Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction decreases cutaneous heat loss. , 1990, Anesthesiology.