Fast determination of 14 mycotoxins in chestnut by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of T-2 toxin, penicillic acid, fumonisins B1 , B2 , and B3 , aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and zearalenone in chestnut samples. The method was used to analyse 136 samples obtained from Shandong province in China. The mycotoxins were extracted using a dispersive solid-phase extraction method and cleaned using an improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach. The mycotoxins were then detected using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.02-1 μg/kg and 0.1-2 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 74.2 to 109.5%, with relative standard deviations below 15%. A total of 71 samples were contaminated with seven mycotoxins at concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 105.5 μg/kg, with a number of samples exceeding the maximum limits set in the European regulations for mycotoxins in unprocessed chestnuts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

[1]  S. Cunha,et al.  Multiple mycotoxin analysis in nut products: Occurrence and risk characterization. , 2018, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[2]  Amedeo Pietri,et al.  Aspergillus and Penicillium toxins in chestnuts and derived products produced in Italy , 2015 .

[3]  Jerry Zweigenbaum,et al.  Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the U.S. market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assay , 2017 .

[4]  Amedeo Pietri,et al.  Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried chestnuts and chestnut flour produced in Italy , 2012 .

[5]  Bruno De Meulenaer,et al.  Multiple mycotoxin co-occurrence in maize grown in three agro-ecological zones of Tanzania , 2015 .

[6]  Hua Yang,et al.  Detection of 13 mycotoxins in feed using modified QuEChERS with dispersive magnetic materials and UHPLC-MS/MS. , 2018, Journal of separation science.

[7]  Jun-Lin Wang,et al.  Optimization for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction of mycotoxins and veterinary drugs by response surface methodology for application to egg and milk. , 2018, Journal of chromatography. A.

[8]  Danilo Monarca,et al.  Nondestructive detection of insect infested chestnuts based on NIR spectroscopy , 2014 .

[9]  Jiao-Jiao Xu,et al.  High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of multi-mycotoxin in cereals and bean foodstuffs using interference-removal solid-phase extraction combined with optimized dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. , 2017, Journal of separation science.

[10]  Rosma Ahmad,et al.  Aflatoxin occurrence in nuts and commercial nutty products in Malaysia , 2010 .

[11]  B. Reichert,et al.  Simultaneous determination of 117 pesticides and 30 mycotoxins in raw coffee, without clean-up, by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. , 2018, Analytica chimica acta.

[12]  Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares,et al.  A new approach in sample treatment combined with UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of multiclass mycotoxins in edible nuts and seeds. , 2013, Talanta.

[13]  Matthew Kolp,et al.  Inhibition of virulent and hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica growth in dual culture by fungi commonly isolated from chestnut blight cankers. , 2018, Fungal biology.

[14]  Meihua Yang,et al.  Occurrence of multi-class mycotoxins in Menthae haplocalycis analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. , 2018, Journal of separation science.

[15]  Wei Li,et al.  Mycotoxins in wheat flour and intake assessment in Shandong province of China , 2016, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[16]  Stavros Yanniotis,et al.  Aflatoxin contamination in pistachio nuts: A farm to storage study , 2012 .

[17]  Y. Leong,et al.  Exposure assessment and risk characterization of aflatoxin B1 in Malaysia , 2011, Mycotoxin Research.

[18]  D. W. Fulbright,et al.  The Presence of Mycotoxins after Ninety Days of Storage in Fresh Chestnuts , 2009 .

[19]  Pascal Mottier,et al.  Development and comparison of two multiresidue methods for the analysis of 17 mycotoxins in cereals by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[20]  Leilei Chen,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of 10 Mycotoxins in Wheat Flour by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with a Modified QuEChERS Strategy. , 2016, Journal of food science.

[21]  S. Cunha,et al.  Comparative assessment of three cleanup procedures after QuEChERS extraction for determination of trichothecenes (type A and type B) in processed cereal-based baby foods by GC-MS. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[22]  C. Juan,et al.  Multi-mycotoxin determination in barley and derived products from Tunisia and estimation of their dietary intake. , 2017, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[23]  Jiao-Jiao Xu,et al.  Simultaneous and rapid determination of deoxynivalenol and its acetylate derivatives in wheat flour and rice by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection. , 2016, Journal of separation science.

[24]  Maria Lodovica Gullino,et al.  Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from fresh chestnuts and along the chestnut flour process. , 2018, Food microbiology.