Context Effects and Efferent Factors in Perception and Cognition

Context influences the appearance of visual stimuli and the meaning of linguistic stimuli, i.e., appearance and meaning are influenced by circumstances, conditions, and objects that surround a stimulus. The moon illusion exemplifies a context effect: The moon appears much larger and closer when it is at the horizon than when it is at its zenith even though it projects the same retinal image in both positions. The illusion is a context effect since different contexts (terrain and horizon sky versus zenith sky) induce different perceptions.

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