Design of innovative orchards: proposal of an adapted conceptual framework

*Such permanency constrains soil and pest management: long-term management is required, e.g. pests can build up populations across years since their host-plant remains in the field. Young stage -Set objective(s) & describe the context and possible constraints; -Design cropping systems and related decision rules to manage them; -Evaluate agronomic prototypes to iteratively design innovative cropping systems.