Interface analysis for solid state electrochemical devices and chemical sensors

SummaryExamples are given for recent applications of interface analysis to understand the function of electrochemical devices and chemical sensors based upon solid electrolytes such as stabilized ZrO2, LaF3, and AgI. Gas interaction with particular emphasis on oxygen is studied at various electrodes on these solid electrolytes. The conditions for well-defined surface-spectroscopic measurements on solid ionic conductors are summarized and exemplified. XPS and UPS, in particular, make possible to analyse electrochemical problems and fundamentals in more detail than it is possible with phenomenological methods including the classical electrochemical techniques.