Synthesis of an acetylcholine receptor-specific toxin derivative regioselectively labeled with an undecagold cluster.

The regioselective modification of a snake curaremimetic toxin is described. Toxin-alpha from Naja nigricollis was derivatized with an electron-dense maleimido undecagold cluster 5. The cluster-bound obtained toxin 8 has a very high affinity for the cholinergic binding site (Ki = 70 pM) of Torpedo marmorata nicotinic receptor. It is harboring a compact heavy atom core of about 8 A which makes it very useful for electron microscopy experiments.

[1]  N. Unwin.  Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 9 A resolution. , 1993, Journal of molecular biology.

[2]  S. Zinn-Justin,et al.  Genetic engineering of snake toxins. Role of invariant residues in the structural and functional properties of a curaremimetic toxin, as probed by site-directed mutagenesis. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[3]  C. Roumestand,et al.  Three-dimensional solution structure of a curaremimetic toxin from Naja nigricollis venom: a proton NMR and molecular modeling study. , 1992, Biochemistry.

[4]  A. Ménez,et al.  Role and environment of the conserved Lys27 of snake curaremimetic toxins as probed by chemical modifications, site-directed mutagenesis and photolabelling experiments. , 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

[5]  A. Ménez,et al.  Immunization with a peptide having both T cell and conformationally restricted B cell epitopes elicits neutralizing antisera against a snake neurotoxin. , 1990, Journal of immunology.

[6]  M. Whittaker,et al.  Molecular structure of F-actin and location of surface binding sites , 1990, Nature.

[7]  A. Ménez,et al.  Topography of toxin-acetylcholine receptor complexes by using photoactivatable toxin derivatives. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  J. Changeux,et al.  Photoaffinity labeling of the acetylcholine binding sites on the nicotinic receptor by an aryldiazonium derivative. , 1988, Biochemistry.

[9]  N. Unwin,et al.  Location of subunits within the acetylcholine receptor by electron image analysis of tubular crystals from Torpedo marmorata , 1987, The Journal of cell biology.

[10]  A. Ménez,et al.  A monoclonal antibody which recognized the functional site of snake neurotoxins and which neutralizes all short‐chain variants , 1986, FEBS letters.

[11]  D. Safer,et al.  Undecagold clusters for site-specific labeling of biological macromolecules: simplified preparation and model applications. , 1986, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

[12]  P. N. Unwin,et al.  Tubular crystals of acetylcholine receptor , 1984, The Journal of cell biology.

[13]  J. Changeux,et al.  Lipid-dependent recovery of alpha-bungarotoxin and monoclonal antibody binding to the purified alpha-subunit from Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor. Enhancement by noncompetitive channel blockers. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[14]  A. Ménez,et al.  The interaction of neurotoxin derivatives with either acetylcholine receptor or a monoclonal antibody. An electron-spin-resonance study. , 1984, European journal of biochemistry.

[15]  P Fromageot,et al.  Role of indole and amino groups in the structure and function of Naja nigricollis toxin alpha. , 1983, Biochemistry.

[16]  J. Frank,et al.  Direct structural localization of two toxin-recognition sites on an ACh receptor protein , 1982, Nature.

[17]  N. Tamiya,et al.  Isoelectric points of erabutoxins and monoacyl derivatives of erabutoxin b. Estimation of the pK values of amino groups in erabutoxins by using isoelectric-focusing data. , 1982, The Biochemical journal.

[18]  A. Ménez,et al.  Conformation of two homologous neurotoxins. Fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. , 1980, Biochemistry.

[19]  L. Hood,et al.  Acetylcholine receptor: complex of homologous subunits. , 1980, Science.

[20]  J. Changeux,et al.  Phosphorylation in vitro of membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. Effect on membrane solubilization by detergents. , 1980, European journal of biochemistry.

[21]  J Carlsson,et al.  Protein thiolation and reversible protein-protein conjugation. N-Succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate, a new heterobifunctional reagent. , 1978, The Biochemical journal.

[22]  A. Karlin,et al.  Molecular weight in detergent solution of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. , 1978, Biochemistry.

[23]  N Tamiya,et al.  Preparation and activity of guanidinated or acetylated erabutoxins. , 1976, The Biochemical journal.

[24]  D. Eaker,et al.  Modification of amino groups in Naja naja neurotoxins and the preparation of radioactive derivatives. , 1972, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[25]  G. P. Schiemenz,et al.  Aromatische Phosphine mit Substituenten zweiter Ordnung, VI. Phosphine mit mehreren Elektronenakzeptorsubstituenten , 1969 .

[26]  S. Moore,et al.  Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. , 1948, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[27]  E. Holtzman,et al.  Electron microscopy of complexes of isolated acetylcholine receptor, biotinyl-toxin, and avidin. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[28]  A. Ménez,et al.  Structure of snake toxins and their affinity to the acetylcholine receptor of fish electric organ. , 1977, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.

[29]  J. Rudinger,et al.  Preparation and some properties of maleimido acids and maleoyl derivatives of peptides. , 1975, Helvetica chimica acta.