Design Your Own Job Through Job Crafting

Job crafting can be viewed as changes that employees initiate in the level of job demands and job resources in order to make their own job more meaningful, engaging, and satisfying. As such, job crafting can be used to complement top-down approaches to improve jobs in order to overcome the inadequacies of job redesign approaches, to respond to the complexity of contemporary jobs, and to deal with the needs of the current workforce. This review aims to provide an overview of the conceptualizations of job crafting, the reasons why individuals craft their jobs, as well as the hypothetical predictors and outcomes of job crafting. Furthermore, this review provides suggestions to organizations on how to manage job crafting in their processes, and how to stimulate more beneficial job crafting behavior. Although research on job crafting is still in its infancy, it is worthwhile for organizations to recognize its existence and to manage it such that it has beneficial effects on the employees and the organization at large.

[1]  Elisa Mattarelli,et al.  How Offshore Professionals' Job Dissatisfaction Can Promote Further Offshoring: Organizational Outcomes of Job Crafting , 2015 .

[2]  Evangelia Demerouti,et al.  Work-family interface from a life and career stage perspective: the role of demands and resources. , 2012, International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie.

[3]  David M. Almeida,et al.  Work–Family Spillover and Daily Reports of Work and Family Stress in the Adult Labor Force† , 2002 .

[4]  Henry L. Tosi.  A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance , 1991 .

[5]  S. Hobfoll.  The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested-Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory , 2001 .

[6]  A. Bakker,et al.  Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement , 2012 .

[7]  Norman S. Endler,et al.  Coping and defense: A historical overview. , 1996 .

[8]  Jørn Hetland,et al.  Do new ways of working foster work engagement? , 2012, Psicothema.

[9]  J. Dutton,et al.  Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work , 2001 .

[10]  D. Balkin,et al.  Authentic Work and Organizational Change: Longitudinal Evidence from a Merger , 2012 .

[11]  Brenda E. Ghitulescu.  Shaping tasks and relationships at work: Examining the antecedents and consequences of employee job crafting , 2007 .

[12]  Paul Lyons,et al.  The Crafting of Jobs and Individual Differences , 2008 .

[13]  Evangelia Demerouti,et al.  Succesvol job craften door middel van een groepstraining , 2012 .

[14]  Frans M. van Eijnatten,et al.  Crafting sustainable work: development of personal resources , 2010 .

[15]  Eean R. Crawford,et al.  Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: a theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. , 2010, The Journal of applied psychology.

[16]  A. Bakker,et al.  The job demands-resources model : state of the art , 2007 .

[17]  B. Aust,et al.  When workplace interventions lead to negative effects: Learning from failures , 2010, Scandinavian journal of public health.

[18]  C. Carver,et al.  Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. , 1989, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[19]  Yitzhak Fried,et al.  Meta-analytic comparison of the Job Diagnostic Survey and Job Characteristics Inventory as correlates of work satisfaction and performance. , 1991 .

[20]  Daantje Derks,et al.  Development and validation of the job crafting scale , 2012 .

[21]  A. Bakker,et al.  The job demands-resources model of burnout. , 2001, The Journal of applied psychology.

[22]  Evangelia Demerouti,et al.  From thought to action : employee work engagement and job performance , 2010 .

[23]  Justin M. Berg,et al.  Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity , 2010 .

[24]  E. Phelps.  Rewarding Work: How to Restore Participation and Self-Support to Free Enterprise, With a New Preface , 2007 .

[25]  V. Vroom.  Work and motivation , 1964 .

[26]  G. Hertel,et al.  Older workers' motivation: against the myth of general decline , 2010 .

[27]  M. Csíkszentmihályi,et al.  The Dynamics of Intrinsic Motivation: A Study of Adolescents , 2014 .

[28]  Stephen E. Humphrey,et al.  Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: a meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. , 2007, The Journal of applied psychology.

[29]  Arnold B. Bakker,et al.  Job crafting : towards a new model of individual job redesign : original research , 2010 .

[30]  S. Parker,et al.  Taking Stock: Integrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviors , 2010 .

[31]  Stephen E. Humphrey,et al.  Job and team design: Toward a more integrative conceptualization of work design , 2008 .

[32]  J. Verbeek,et al.  How can we help employees with chronic diseases to stay at work? A review of interventions aimed at job retention and based on an empowerment perspective , 2006, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[33]  A. Bakker,et al.  Job Demands–Resources Theory , 2014 .

[34]  Susan J. Ashford,et al.  Reflections on the Looking Glass: A Review of Research on Feedback-Seeking Behavior in Organizations: , 2003 .

[35]  Eileen Appelbaum,et al.  Work Process and Quality of Care in Early Childhood Education: The Role of Job Crafting , 2009 .

[36]  Katrin B. Klingsieck.  Procrastination: When good things don’t come to those who wait. , 2013 .

[37]  Pamela H. Smith.  Making things , 2022, Early Modern Things.

[38]  S. Parker,et al.  Designing Motivating Jobs: An Expanded Framework for Linking Work Characteristics and Motivation , 2008 .

[39]  J. Richard Hackman,et al.  Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research , 2010 .

[40]  P. Ackerman,et al.  Aging and Work Motivation , 2008 .

[41]  Paraskevas Petrou.  Crafting the change: the role of job crafting and regulatory focus in adaptation to organizational change , 2009 .

[42]  A. Hochschild,et al.  The Second Shift , 1989 .

[43]  Robert Karasek,et al.  Job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign , 1979 .

[44]  W. Schaufeli,et al.  Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement , 2012 .

[45]  Patrick Waterson,et al.  Participation in job redesign: An evaluation of the use of a sociotechnical tool and its impact , 2001 .

[46]  Jin Nam Choi,et al.  Rethinking Procrastination: Positive Effects of "Active" Procrastination Behavior on Attitudes and Performance , 2005, The Journal of social psychology.

[47]  H. Triandis,et al.  Work and the Nature of Man. , 1967 .

[48]  E. A. Locke,et al.  A theory of goal setting & task performance , 1990 .

[49]  A. Bandura.  Social cognitive theory of self-regulation☆ , 1991 .

[50]  A. Bakker,et al.  The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. , 2013, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[51]  Linda H. Slowik,et al.  Job design in temporal context: a career dynamics perspective , 2007 .

[52]  Karina Nielsen,et al.  Review Article: How can we make organizational interventions work? Employees and line managers as actively crafting interventions , 2013 .

[53]  E. Hill,et al.  Gender and the Work-Family Interface: Exploring Differences Across the Family Life Course , 2010 .

[54]  P. Moen,et al.  The Career Mystique: Cracks in the American Dream , 2004 .

[55]  Wilmar B. Schaufeli,et al.  Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources , 2009 .

[56]  Alexander Bakker,et al.  An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement , 2011 .

[57]  Uta K. Bindl,et al.  Making Things Happen: A Model of Proactive Motivation , 2010 .

[58]  Adam M. Grant,et al.  7 Redesigning Work Design Theories: The Rise of Relational and Proactive Perspectives , 2009 .

[59]  D. Truxillo,et al.  A lifespan perspective on job design: Fitting the job and the worker to promote job satisfaction, engagement, and performance , 2012 .

[60]  A. Chamberlain,et al.  Factors determining job retention and return to work for disabled employees: a questionnaire study of opinions of disabled people's organizations in the UK. , 2005, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[61]  D. Rousseau,et al.  The role of future time perspective in psychological contracts: A study among older workers , 2010 .

[62]  D. Rousseau,et al.  Beyond top‐down and bottom‐up work redesign: Customizing job content through idiosyncratic deals , 2010 .