Seismic performance assessment of highway bridges equipped with superelastic shape memory alloy-based laminated rubber isolation bearing

Abstract Seismic performance analysis is conducted for an isolated three-span continuous highway bridge, which is subjected to moderate to strong earthquake ground accelerations in the longitudinal direction. Two types of isolation bearings are used in the analysis: high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) and combined isolation bearing consisting of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and natural rubber bearing (NRB) entitled as SMA-based rubber bearing (SRB). Two types of SMA wires, such as Ni–Ti and Cu–Al–Be, are used in fabricating the combined isolation bearings. In the first step of the work, analytical models for HDRB, NRB and SRB are introduced. Then, a three-span continuous highway bridge is modeled in a simplified form, using 2-DOF bridge pier-bearing system isolated by either HDRBs or SRBs. The hysteretic behavior of HDRB is evaluated using a strain-rate dependent constitutive model (i.e. visco-elasto-plastic model), while in the case of SRBs the hysteretic behavior is modeled by a nonlinear elasto-plastic model for NRB and a simplified visco-elastic model for SMAs. A standard bilinear force–displacement relationship is employed in the analytical model of the bridge pier to consider its nonlinear characteristic behavior. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the bridge, based on the direct time integration approach, is conducted to evaluate the seismic responses of the bridge. This study shows that the seismic responses of the bridge are affected by the use of different types of isolation bearings; more specifically, residual displacement of the deck are noticeably reduced after earthquakes in the case of SRBs compared to HDRB for moderate and strong earthquakes; however, pier displacements are smaller in the cases of SRBs for moderate earthquakes and higher for strong earthquakes. Other response parameters of the system, such as deck displacement, bearing displacement and deck acceleration, are significantly larger in the cases of SRBs compared to those of HDRB. This study also depicts the effect of modeling of isolation bearings on the seismic responses of the system.

[1]  Lucia Faravelli,et al.  Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars , 2007 .

[2]  M. Shahria Alam,et al.  Erratum to: Seismic fragility assessment of SMA-bar restrained multi-span continuous highway bridge isolated by different laminated rubber bearings in medium to strong seismic risk zones , 2012, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

[3]  Moncef L. Nehdi,et al.  Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review , 2007 .

[4]  Ahmed Ghobarah,et al.  SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES , 1988 .

[5]  R. S. Jangid,et al.  Seismic behavior of isolated bridges: A-state-of-the-art review , 2003 .

[6]  Yoshiaki Okui,et al.  A rheology model of high damping rubber bearings for seismic analysis: Identification of nonlinear viscosity , 2009 .

[7]  Ian D. Aiken,et al.  AN ANALYTICAL HYSTERESIS MODEL FOR ELASTOMERIC SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS , 1997 .

[8]  Songye Zhu,et al.  Seismic performance of benchmark base‐isolated bridges with superelastic Cu–Al–Be restraining damping device , 2009 .

[9]  A. Ghobarah.  Seismic behaviour of highway bridges with base isolation , 1988 .

[10]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Sensitivity of Seismic Applications to Different Shape Memory Alloy Models , 2008 .

[11]  Moncef L. Nehdi,et al.  Shape memory alloy-based smart RC bridges: overview of state-of-the-art , 2008 .

[12]  Andrea Dall'Asta,et al.  Experimental tests and analytical model of high damping rubber dissipating devices , 2006 .

[13]  Zhi Wei,et al.  A Mathematical Model for Pseudoelasticity of Shape Memory Alloy and Its Application in Passive Control , 2002 .

[14]  Ronald L. Mayes,et al.  Seismic Isolation: History, Application, and Performance—A World View , 1990 .

[15]  Farzad Naeim,et al.  Design of seismic isolated structures , 1999 .

[16]  Christian Miehe,et al.  Superimposed finite elastic–viscoelastic–plastoelastic stress response with damage in filled rubbery polymers. Experiments, modelling and algorithmic implementation , 2000 .

[17]  Jiahao Lin,et al.  An Introduction to Seismic Isolation , 1993 .

[18]  Ferdinando Auricchio,et al.  Shape-memory alloys: macromodelling and numerical simulations of the superelastic behavior , 1997 .

[19]  James M. Kelly,et al.  Earthquake-Resistant Design with Rubber , 1993 .

[20]  William Robinson,et al.  Lead‐rubber hysteretic bearings suitable for protecting structures during earthquakes , 1982 .

[21]  Roman Lackner,et al.  Artificial Ground Freezing of Fully Saturated Soil: Viscoelastic Behavior , 2008 .

[22]  P. TSOPELAS,et al.  Experimental study of FPS system in bridge seismic isolation , 1996 .

[23]  Eunsoo Choi,et al.  A new concept of isolation bearings for highway steel bridges using shape memory alloys , 2005 .

[24]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Seismic retrofit of simply supported bridges using shape memory alloys , 2002 .

[25]  C. Lexcellent,et al.  Micromechanics-based modeling of two-way memory effect of a single crystalline shape-memory alloy , 1997 .

[26]  M. Shahria Alam,et al.  Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Multi-Span Continuous Highway Bridge Fitted with Shape Memory Alloy Bars and Laminated Rubber Bearings , 2012 .

[27]  Yozo Fujino,et al.  Performance evaluation of base-isolated Yama-agé bridge with high damping rubber bearings using recorded seismic data , 2001 .

[28]  Jian Zhang,et al.  Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method , 2009 .

[29]  Stefan Hurlebaus,et al.  Seismic assessment of bridge structures isolated by a shape memory alloy/rubber-based isolation system , 2010 .

[30]  R. S. Jangid.  Stochastic seismic response of structures isolated by rolling rods , 2000 .

[31]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Large scale testing of nitinol shape memory alloy devices for retrofitting of bridges , 2008 .

[32]  Krzysztof Wilde,et al.  Base isolation system with shape memory alloy device for elevated highway bridges , 2000 .

[33]  Tso Chien Pan,et al.  A mathematical hysteretic model for elastomeric isolation bearings , 2002 .

[34]  Y. Fujino,et al.  Multiaxial Behaviors of Laminated Rubber Bearings and Their Modeling. I: Experimental Study , 2004 .