Visualization Techniques For Complex Processes In Solid State Engineering

Conventional chalkboard and viewgraph presentation methods sometimes fall short of conveying the abstract concepts that need to be mastered in solid state electronics courses. Visualization techniques using computer-generated animations and threedimensional rendering are explored as instructional delivery methods. Introduction Describing the operation of solid state devices relies heavily on graphic and conceptual images. Conventional chalkboard and viewgraph presentation methods sometimes fall short of conveying the abstract concepts that need to be mastered. Computational tools have evolved over the recent past to allow fast rendering of two and three-dimensional graphics on desktop computers and workstations. Precise numerical computations on limitless variations semiconductor device structures are possible. Methods for the illustration and presentation of these results for non-experts must be both interactive and revealing [1][2][3]. The main goals of visualization are to: • Convey information, • Discover new knowledge, • Identify structure, pattern, anomalies, trends, and relationships. Most students are eager to use computer software that can simulate real world imagery even if some surrealistic shading is evident. Here, the challenge lies in refocusing this enthusiasm to the subject matter at hand; in this case, solid state engineering. Applications of three dimensional visualization techniques have been applied to circuit analysis [4] to circumvent abstractions in the learning process. Here, the use of computer animation and three-dimensional viewing techniques are investigated as instructional technologies to enhance classroom subject delivery and undergraduate research participation. Approach The basis of the operation of all solid state devices is a set of coupled electromagnetic and statistical equations. The most fundamental equations are listed in table 1. Even at the advanced undergraduate level, these mathematical expressions can be quite intimidating when first introduced. We have adopted two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) commercial numerical semiconductor device simulators, MEDICI Page 290.1 and DAVINCI, respectively, from Technology Modeling Associates Inc. (TMA) to handle the arduous task of solving the necessary device equations. Equation Expression Poisson ε ρ − = ∇ V 2 DriftDiffusion p D q E n qv J n D q E n qv J p p p n n n ∇ − = ∇ + = Continuity ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ n t q J G R