Making Sense of Elegant Complexity in Design

abstract level. It also helps build function failure logic, facilitatingthe reasoning about potential faults and their propagation throughthe system. FFIP reveals mappings that are otherwise difficult tosee in complex systems and provides an elegant simulationenvironment for early design stage analysis, and as such, makesreliability and risk analysis possible during the qualitative stagesof design. As we move into the more quantitative stages of design,additional complex research issues emerge as presented in the fol-lowing section.3.2 Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of ComplexSystems in Later Design Stages. As noted by the editors of therecent special edition of the Journal of Mechanical Design onDesigning Complex Engineering System, multidisciplinary sys-tems are complex and multifaceted, they have emergent andunpredictable behavior, and their solutions must integrate knowl-edge from multiple disciplines while managing a wide range ofrisks and uncertainties [40]. Unfortunately, common approachesto solving these problems are ad hoc and reductionist, often result-ing in cost over-runs, schedule delays, and solutions that performpoorly. We have clearly reached the limits of what theseapproaches can do. To make progress, we need a more rigorousand deeper understanding of complex engineered systems andhow they should be designed; we need firmer foundations for ascience of design. The approaches presented in this section are allmotivated by providing rigorous approaches for complex systemsdesign from which elegant simplicity emerges in the accompany-ing formulation, solution, and/or insights.Not only have products and systems become more complex, butthe number and type of issues that must be accounted for in adesign process is staggering. For instance, while life-cycle productanalysis has been an active of research, intentionally designingproducts for rapid and easy recovery has become a rapidly grow-ing research field. Considering product recovery requirementswhen the recovery is years, if not decades away, is in itself a verycomplex problem to model and solve. At the core of this issue arethe following questions:

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