TRANSPORT EFFECTS OF URBAN LAND-USE CHANGE

This paper presents some results of a study of the transport effects of urban land-use change which was commissioned by the Department of Transport (DOT) in 1995. The study investigated how alternative ideas for more compact cities might affect the total demand for urban transport and its costs as perceived by passengers and public transport providers. It tested the transport consequences of several different land-use patterns, and began with a review of existing literature on land-use patterns and transport, and on the introduction of policies to reduce travel demand or maximise the use of public transport. The study applied the START transport model to the Bristol area in England; START was chosen because of its wider view of transport and travellers' choices. Both local and national data were used to estimate travel changes from 1990 to 2015. The model attempted to represent all travel within or across the study area on a typical 16-hour weekday, divided into morning and evening peaks and off-peak periods. It focussed mainly on travel by car, bus, train, park-and-ride, cycling, and walking. Several alternative land-use scenarios and transport strategies were tested, including the Trend and Compact City scenarios. Model results are discussed, including changes in trips and travel and effects on total cost to transport users.