The identification and subjective effect of amplitude modulation in diesel engine exhaust noise

Abstract The study reported in this paper examines the sourcesof diesel locomotive noise that give rise to annoyance. It is shown that the amplitude modulation present in diesel engine noise has importance in determining annoyance. The frequency and depth of the modulation are related to the fundamental firing frequency, the firing frequency of the engine and exhaust manifold design. Changes in the manifold design could reduce the adverse subjective response.