A review of scuffing models

The mechanism of wear known as scuffing has been a research topic of great interest for many years. However, the question of how scuffing is initiated and the factors that contribute to its occurrence are still poorly understood. In general, it can be said that scuffing manifests itself as the sudden failure of lubricating films in mechanical equipment operating under extreme conditions of load and/or speed. Components such as cams, tappets, gears and piston rings are all prone to scuffing failure. Understanding the mechanisms that initiate failure would enable the development of criteria for scuffing prediction. This paper reviews the numerous scuffing models and theories that exist today and, in doing so, defines the important factors involved in scuffing initiation. Emphasis is given to existing theoretical scuffing models which have been correlated by a wealth of research data obtained from experimental test rigs.

[1]  B. W. Kelley,et al.  Temperature—The Key to Lubricant Capacity , 1965 .

[2]  Kishore K. Kar,et al.  A model of the dynamics of boundary film formation , 1994 .

[3]  Transition Temperatures with Four Ball Machine , 1960 .

[4]  Some kinetic aspects of extreme pressure lubrication , 1986 .

[5]  H. Spikes,et al.  Temperature and Scuffing , 1993 .

[6]  K. Ludema,et al.  Evaluation of the plasticity index as a scuffing criterion , 1994 .

[7]  A. Dyson,et al.  The Effects of Rolling and Sliding Speeds on the Scuffing of Lubricated Steel Discs , 1975 .

[8]  Kenneth C. Ludema,et al.  A review of scuffing and running-in of lubricated surfaces, with asperities and oxides in perspective , 1984 .

[9]  V. N. Borsoff,et al.  A Scoring Factor for Gears , 1963 .

[10]  J. F. Archard,et al.  The temperature of rubbing surfaces , 1959 .

[11]  M. W. Bailey,et al.  The Effects of Temperature and Metal Pairs on Scuffing , 1973 .

[12]  A. Dyson,et al.  Scuffing - a review , 1975 .

[13]  A. Dyson,et al.  The Failure of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Circumferentially Ground Discs , 1976 .

[14]  C. Saba,et al.  Characterization of friction polymer from wear testing of polyphenyl ethers , 1994 .

[15]  Roger O. Bjerk.  Oxygen—An “Extreme-Pressure Agent” , 1973 .

[16]  H. Spikes,et al.  Scuffing as a Desorption Process—An Explanation of the Borsoff Effect , 1974 .

[17]  T. Tallián.  On Competing Failure Modes in Rolling Contact , 1967 .

[18]  K P Baglin.  Micro-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and its Relationship with Running-in , 1986 .

[19]  S. M. Hsu,et al.  Mechano-chemical model: Reaction temperatures in a concentrated contact , 1994 .

[20]  Friction power as a criterion of seizure with sliding lubricated contact , 1992 .

[21]  S. Odi-owei,et al.  An experimental study of initial scuffing and recovery in sliding wear using a four-ball machine , 1987 .

[22]  E. Rideal,et al.  The heat of adsorption of long-chain compounds and their effect on boundary lubrication , 1944, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[23]  E. Cutiongco,et al.  Prediction of Scuffing Failure Based on Competitive Kinetics of Oxide Formation and Removal: Application to Lubricated Sliding of AISI 52100 Steel on Steel , 1994 .

[24]  S. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Studies on the boundary lubrication regime in a four-ball machine , 1985 .

[25]  L. P. Golan,et al.  Thermal Effects Due to Surface Films in Sliding Contact , 1994 .

[26]  P. M. Ku.  Gear Failure Modes—Importance of Lubrication and Mechanics , 1976 .

[27]  S. M. Hsu,et al.  A Study on the Nature of Boundary Lubricating Film: Analytical Method Development , 1989 .

[28]  S. C. Lee,et al.  Scuffing Theory Modeling and Experimental Correlations , 1991 .

[29]  Francis E. Kennedy,et al.  Contact Surface Temperature Models for Finite Bodies in Dry and Boundary Lubricated Sliding , 1993 .

[30]  W. Hirst,et al.  Surface finish and damage in sliding , 1974, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[31]  R. M. Matveevsky.  The Critical Temperature of Oil With Point and Line Contact Machines , 1965 .

[32]  H. Czichos,et al.  Investigations into film failure (transition point) of lubricated concentrated contacts , 1972 .

[33]  Irving Langmuir.  THE CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. PART I. SOLIDS. , 1916 .

[34]  William R. D. Wilson,et al.  Influence of surface topography on low-speed asperity lubrication breakdown and scuffing , 1991 .

[35]  Herbert S. Cheng,et al.  The Contact Between Rough Surfaces With Longitudinal Texture—Part II: Flash Temperature , 1992 .

[36]  Examination of wear debris produced using a four-ball machine , 1989 .

[37]  F. F. Ling.  On Temperature Transients at Sliding Interface , 1969 .

[38]  A. Dyson,et al.  Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Circumferentially-Ground Rough Disks , 1978 .

[39]  Yip-Wah Chung,et al.  The Contact Between Rough Surfaces With Longitudinal Texture—Part I: Average Contact Pressure and Real Contact Area , 1992 .

[40]  A mechano-chemical descriptive model for wear under mixed lubrication conditions , 1988 .

[41]  K. Ludema,et al.  THE SHARED-LOAD WEAR MODEL IN LUBRICATED SLIDING: SCUFFING CRITERIA AND WEAR COEFFICIENTS* , 1990 .

[42]  Si C. Lee,et al.  Experimental validation of critical temperature-pressure theory of scuffing , 1995 .

[43]  R. M. Matveevsky.  Evaluation of temperature stability of a lubricant film on rubbing surfaces , 1968 .

[44]  A. Cameron,et al.  Thermodynamics of boundary lubrication and scuffing , 1972, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[45]  R. Wolff.  The influence of surface roughness texture on the temperature and scuffing in sliding contact , 1991 .

[46]  The study of scuffing and pitting failure of cam-tappet rubbing pair , 1990 .

[47]  H. A. Francis.  Interfacial Temperature Distribution Within a Sliding Hertzian Contact , 1971 .

[48]  H. J. Carper,et al.  Thermal and Scuffing Behavior of Disks in Sliding-Rolling Contact , 1975 .

[49]  A. Batchelor,et al.  Model of scuffing based on the vulnerability of an elastohydrodynamic oil film to chemical degradation catalyzed by the contacting surfaces , 1995 .

[50]  D. Kelly,et al.  Effects of Speed on Scuffing in Mixed Lubrication , 1994 .