Model-based analysis on the influence of spatial frequency selection in spatial frequency domain imaging.

Frequency variation in spatial frequency domain imaging is a powerful tool for adjusting the penetration depth of the imaging signal and the parameter sensitivity toward absorption and diffusive and subdiffusive scattering. Through our computational analysis, using an analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation, we add quantitation to this tool by linking the different spatial frequency regimes to their relative information content and to their absolute depth sensitivity. Special focus is placed on high spatial frequencies by analysis of the phase function parameter γ and its significance and ambiguity in describing subdiffusive scattering.

[1]  Norman J. McCormick,et al.  Approximate two-parameter phase function for light scattering , 1980 .

[2]  Anthony J. Durkin,et al.  Modulated imaging: quantitative analysis and tomography of turbid media in the spatial-frequency domain. , 2005, Optics letters.

[3]  K. Noguchi,et al.  Significant correlation between refractive index and activity of mitochondria: single mitochondrion study. , 2015, Biomedical optics express.

[4]  Christian Depeursinge,et al.  A new optical method for the non-invasive detection of minimal tissue alterations. , 2002, Physics in medicine and biology.

[5]  B. Wilson,et al.  Absorption spectroscopy in tissue-simulating materials: a theoretical and experimental study of photon paths. , 1995, Applied optics.

[6]  Anthony J. Durkin,et al.  Quantitative optical tomography of sub-surface heterogeneities using spatially modulated structured light. , 2009, Optics express.

[7]  Christian Depeursinge,et al.  Physical interpretation of the phase function related parameter γ studied with a fractal distribution of spherical scatterers. , 2010, Optics express.

[8]  George H. Weiss,et al.  Statistics of Penetration Depth of Photons Re-Emitted From Irradiated Tissue , 1989 .

[9]  J M Schmitt,et al.  Turbulent nature of refractive-index variations in biological tissue. , 1996, Optics letters.

[10]  Bruce J. Tromberg,et al.  Noncontact imaging of absorption and scattering in layered tissue using spatially modulated structured light , 2009 .

[11]  Robert R. Alfano,et al.  Fractal Mechanisms of Light Scattering in Biological Tissue and Cells , 2005 .

[12]  Yang Pu,et al.  Determination of Optical Coefficients and Fractal Dimensional Parameters of Cancerous and Normal Prostate Tissues , 2012, Applied spectroscopy.

[13]  A. Kienle,et al.  Polarization influence on reflectance measurements in the spatial frequency domain , 2015, Physics in medicine and biology.

[14]  Katherine W. Calabro,et al.  Influence of the phase function in generalized diffuse reflectance models: review of current formalisms and novel observations , 2014, Journal of biomedical optics.

[15]  Min Xu,et al.  Unified Mie and fractal scattering by cells and experimental study on application in optical characterization of cellular and subcellular structures. , 2008, Journal of biomedical optics.

[16]  Bruce J. Tromberg,et al.  Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging of Intrinsic Optical Property Contrast in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease , 2011, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[17]  A H Hielscher,et al.  Influence of the scattering phase function on light transport measurements in turbid media performed with small source-detector separations. , 1996, Optics letters.

[18]  Rinaldo Cubeddu,et al.  Detection of inhomogeneities in diffusive media using spatially modulated light. , 2009, Optics letters.

[19]  J. Fujimoto,et al.  Determination of the refractive index of highly scattering human tissue by optical coherence tomography. , 1995, Optics letters.

[20]  A. Welch,et al.  A review of the optical properties of biological tissues , 1990 .

[21]  Sylvain Gioux,et al.  Three-dimensional surface profile intensity correction for spatially modulated imaging. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[22]  Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy,et al.  Sub-diffusive scattering parameter maps recovered using wide-field high-frequency structured light imaging. , 2014, Biomedical optics express.

[23]  Alwin Kienle,et al.  Exact and efficient solution of the radiative transport equation for the semi-infinite medium , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[24]  P. Marquet,et al.  In vivo local determination of tissue optical properties: applications to human brain. , 1999, Applied optics.

[25]  Anthony J. Durkin,et al.  Determination of optical properties of turbid media spanning visible and near-infrared regimes via spatially modulated quantitative spectroscopy. , 2010, Journal of biomedical optics.

[26]  Christian Depeursinge,et al.  In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties. , 2003, Journal of biomedical optics.

[27]  Arjen Amelink,et al.  Method to quantitatively estimate wavelength-dependent scattering properties from multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectra measured in a turbid medium. , 2011, Optics letters.

[28]  Anthony J. Durkin,et al.  Quantitation and mapping of tissue optical properties using modulated imaging. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[29]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  High spatial frequency structured light imaging for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment , 2015, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[30]  Bernard Gelebart,et al.  Phase function simulation in tissue phantoms: a fractal approach , 1996 .

[31]  Alwin Kienle,et al.  Sources of errors in spatial frequency domain imaging of scattering media , 2014, Journal of biomedical optics.

[32]  A. Amelink,et al.  In vivo quantification of the scattering properties of tissue using multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[33]  Alwin Kienle,et al.  Spatially modulated light source obliquely incident on a semi-infinite scattering medium. , 2012, Optics letters.

[34]  Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy,et al.  Spectral discrimination of breast pathologies in situ using spatial frequency domain imaging , 2013, Breast Cancer Research.

[35]  C. Depeursinge,et al.  Monte Carlo study of diffuse reflectance at source–detector separations close to one transport mean free path , 1999 .

[36]  S. Jacques.  Optical properties of biological tissues: a review , 2013, Physics in medicine and biology.

[37]  J. Schmitt,et al.  Optical scattering properties of soft tissue: a discrete particle model. , 1998, Applied optics.

[38]  Anthony J Durkin,et al.  Spatial frequency domain spectroscopy of two layer media. , 2011, Journal of biomedical optics.