Development of LabVIEW Program Using SR400 Gated Photon Counter for Continuous Data Acquisition and Analysis

The photon-counting technique is used where light intensity is extremely low (i.e., in the range of pW to nW) and widely applied in the field of meteorology, space, biotechnology, quantum information, and medical. Various quantum metrology laboratories and research institutes working in the low-intensity light measurement use commercially available SR400 gated photon-counting systems due to their high-count rates (200 MHz) and ability to detect pulses of the order of up to 5 ns. Low-level light detectors (such as photomultiplier tube and avalanche photodiode) generate a discrete pulse output. The manual counting of these pulses from the photon counter is both time-consuming and challenging. This article reports the instrument control LabVIEW program designed to operate the two gates (A and B) of the SR400 gated photon counter. Histogram plot, mean count, standard deviation, and type A uncertainty calculation features are incorporated. This program is useful for photon-counting applications where continuous monitoring and relative variations need to be studied, which is not possible with the standalone SR400.

[1]  Ashish Agarwal,et al.  Systematic Uncertainty Evaluation of the Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standard at NPL India , 2017 .

[2]  A. Sakaamini,et al.  An experimental control system for electron spectrometers using Arduino and LabVIEW interfaces. , 2020, The Review of scientific instruments.

[3]  R. Ota.  Photon counting detectors and their applications ranging from particle physics experiments to environmental radiation monitoring and medical imaging , 2021, Radiological Physics and Technology.

[4]  B. A. Rodrigues Filho,et al.  An Automated Calibration System for Blood Pressure Measurement Traceability , 2020 .

[5]  Y. Zhu,et al.  Study on the relative collection efficiency of large area PMTs , 2021 .

[6]  Shashank Singh,et al.  Improved and Automated Primary Ultrasonic Power Measurement Setup at CSIR-NPL, India , 2015 .

[7]  Robert W. Boyd,et al.  Imaging with a small number of photons , 2014, Nature Communications.

[8]  M. Benghanem,et al.  Measurement of meteorological data based on wireless data acquisition system monitoring , 2009 .

[9]  Lei Xi,et al.  Harmonic Parameter Online Estimation in Power System Based on Hann Self-Convolving Window and Equidistant Two-Point Interpolated DFT , 2020, MAPAN.

[10]  Kaspar Podgorski,et al.  Two-photon imaging with silicon photomultipliers. , 2019, Optics express.

[11]  A. Akkaya,et al.  Automation Software for Semiconductor Research Laboratories: Measurement System and Instrument Control Program (SeCLaS-IC) , 2020, MAPAN.

[12]  D J Kim,et al.  A LabVIEW based template for user created experiment automation. , 2012, The Review of scientific instruments.

[13]  Sanjay Yadav,et al.  Evolution of Measurement System and SI Units in India , 2020, MAPAN.

[14]  Rashtrapriya Kumar Kapri,et al.  Indigenous Design and Development of Gated Photon Counter for Low-Rate Photon Regime , 2021, MAPAN.

[15]  S. Pirandola,et al.  Experimental quantum reading with photon counting , 2020, Science Advances.

[16]  Matthew D. Shaw,et al.  Photonic Readout of Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Counting Detectors , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[17]  S. Vinogradov,et al.  Efficiency of solid state Photomultipliers in photon number resolution , 2011, 2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC).

[18]  S. Anand,et al.  Demonstration of Microstrip Sensor for the Feasibility Study of Non-invasive Blood-Glucose Sensing , 2020 .

[19]  Björn Cederström,et al.  Evaluation of a photon counting X-ray imaging system , 2000 .

[20]  Ravinder Singh,et al.  Sonar Sensor Model for the Precision Measurement to Generate Robust Occupancy Grid Map , 2019 .

[21]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Signal Acquisition With Photon-Counting Detector Arrays in Free-Space Optical Communications , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[22]  B. C. Arya,et al.  Discriminator threshold selection logic to improve signal to noise ratio in photon counting , 2010 .

[23]  Yuan Fei-long.  Dynamic Light Scattering System Based on Photon Counting Developed by LabVIEW , 2007 .

[24]  Ravinder Singh,et al.  Removal of Specular Reflection and Cross Talk in Sonar for Precise and Accurate Range Measurements , 2019 .

[25]  Gail J. Brown,et al.  Geiger-Mode Operation of AlGaN Avalanche Photodiodes at 255 nm , 2021, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[26]  Rashtrapriya Kumar Kapri,et al.  Optimization of Control Parameters of PMT-Based Photon Counting System , 2020 .

[27]  Dejun Han,et al.  Realization of a time-correlated photon counting technique for fluorescence analysis. , 2020, Biomedical optics express.

[28]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Indigenous design and development of a micro-pulse lidar for atmospheric studies , 2011 .

[29]  Patrick Ferrand.  GPScan.VI: A general-purpose LabVIEW program for scanning imaging or any application requiring synchronous analog voltage generation and data acquisition , 2015, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[30]  Rashtrapriya Kumar Kapri,et al.  Impact of Discriminator Threshold and PMT Gain on Photon Counts , 2021 .

[31]  M. Caccia,et al.  Silicon Photomultipliers and SPAD imagers in biophotonics: Advances and perspectives , 2019, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.

[32]  Li Pengfei,et al.  Remote Control Laboratory Based On LabVIEW , 2009, 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation.

[33]  P. Migliozzi,et al.  A new instrument for high statistics measurement of photomultiplier characteristics , 2016, 1604.03922.

[34]  Helena Marzo-Ortega,et al.  Corrigendum: Dense genotyping of immune-related susceptibility loci reveals new insights into the genetics of psoriatic arthritis , 2015, Nature Communications.

[35]  Thormod E. Johansen,et al.  Automated advanced image processing for micromodel flow experiments; an application using labVIEW , 2018, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.

[36]  Satya Kesh Dubey,et al.  LabVIEW based Automation Guide for Microwave Measurements , 2017 .

[37]  Wei Wang,et al.  A performance evaluation system for photomultiplier tubes , 2015 .

[38]  M. Hirano,et al.  Low-Light Photodetectors for Fluorescence Microscopy , 2021, Applied Sciences.

[39]  Quantum correlation between optical and terahertz photons generated under multimode spontaneous parametric down-conversion , 2020 .

[40]  David Branning,et al.  Low-cost coincidence-counting electronics for undergraduate quantum optics , 2009 .

[41]  Yue Ma,et al.  Ranging performance model considering the pulse pileup effect for PMT-based photon-counting lidars. , 2020, Optics express.

[42]  Carlos A. García-Cadena,et al.  PhotonSTR-18: A LabVIEW toolbox for photon correlation spectroscopy , 2021, SoftwareX.

[43]  Ashok Kumar,et al.  A Precision Ultrasonic Phase Velocity Measurement Technique for Liquids , 2014 .

[44]  Martin Sjölin,et al.  Photon-counting x-ray detectors for CT , 2020, Physics in medicine and biology.

[46]  B. C. Arya,et al.  Depolarization ratio measurement using single photomultiplier tube in micropulse lidar. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[47]  Deepa Joshi,et al.  Development of an Improved Acoustic Dispersion Measurement Technique in Liquids , 2015 .

[48]  J. Skaar,et al.  Controlling a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector using tailored bright illumination , 2011, 1106.2396.

[49]  Richard Hansen,et al.  National Instruments LabVIEW: A Programming Environment for Laboratory Automation and Measurement , 2007 .

[50]  B. C. Arya,et al.  Studies on Low Altitude Clouds Over New Delhi, India Using Lidar , 2016 .

[51]  Jeffrey Travis,et al.  LabVIEW for Everyone , 1996 .

[52]  H. Berberoğlu,et al.  Experimental Study on Km-Range Long-Distance Measurement Using Silicon Photomultiplier Sensor with Low Peak Power Laser Pulse , 2021, Applied Sciences.