Progress in the application of DNA microarrays.

Microarray technology has been applied to a variety of different fields to address fundamental research questions. The use of microarrays, or DNA chips, to study the gene expression profiles of biologic samples began in 1995. Since that time, the fundamental concepts behind the chip, the technology required for making and using these chips, and the multitude of statistical tools for analyzing the data have been extensively reviewed. For this reason, the focus of this review will be not on the technology itself but on the application of microarrays as a research tool and the future challenges of the field.

[1]  S. Bowman,et al.  Assessing the impact of Plasmodium falciparum genome sequencing. , 2000, Microbes and infection.

[2]  Ash A. Alizadeh,et al.  Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling , 2000, Nature.

[3]  S. Nelson,et al.  Detection of differentially expressed genes in primary tumor tissues using representational differences analysis coupled to microarray hybridization. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[4]  Michael R. Green,et al.  Dissecting the Regulatory Circuitry of a Eukaryotic Genome , 1998, Cell.

[5]  H. Moch,et al.  Tissue microarrays for gene amplification surveys in many different tumor types. , 1999, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[6]  W. El-Deiry,et al.  BRCA1 Effects on the Cell Cycle and the DNA Damage Response Are Linked to Altered Gene Expression* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[7]  T Hardmeier,et al.  High-throughput tissue microarray analysis of cyclin E gene amplification and overexpression in urinary bladder cancer. , 2000, The American journal of pathology.

[8]  D. Botstein,et al.  Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  Y. Chen,et al.  Detecting activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase by complementary DNA and tissue microarray analysis. , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[10]  N. Lee,et al.  A concise guide to cDNA microarray analysis. , 2000, BioTechniques.

[11]  D. Botstein,et al.  Genome-wide characterization of the Zap1p zinc-responsive regulon in yeast. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  M. White,et al.  Comparison of TP53 mutations identified by oligonucleotide microarray and conventional DNA sequence analysis. , 2000, Cancer research.

[13]  J. Barrett,et al.  Application of complementary DNA microarray technology to carcinogen identification, toxicology, and drug safety evaluation. , 1999, Cancer research.

[14]  J. Dagorn,et al.  pap, reg Iα and reg Iβ mRNAs are concomitantly up‐regulated during human colorectal carcinogenesis , 1999 .

[15]  D. Botstein,et al.  A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[16]  S. Tsai,et al.  Parallel hybridization analysis of multiple protein kinase genes: identification of gene expression patterns characteristic of human hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1998, Genomics.

[17]  John J. Wyrick,et al.  Chromosomal landscape of nucleosome-dependent gene expression and silencing in yeast , 1999, Nature.

[18]  Ronald W. Davis,et al.  Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray , 1995, Science.

[19]  M. Bittner,et al.  Data management and analysis for gene expression arrays , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[20]  J. Dagorn,et al.  Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the mRNA encoding human Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox. Down‐regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression during colorectal carcinogenesis , 1997, International journal of cancer.

[21]  K. Ory,et al.  DNA damage-related gene expression as biomarkers to assess cellular response after gamma irradiation of a human lymphoblastoid cell line , 2000, Oncogene.

[22]  Liangguo Xu,et al.  Identification of differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by means of the Atlas human cancer cDNA expression array , 2000, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[23]  J. Squire,et al.  Application of comparative genomic hybridization, spectral karyotyping, and microarray analysis in the identification of subtype-specific patterns of genomic changes in rhabdomyosarcoma. , 1999, Neoplasia.

[24]  J. Dagorn,et al.  pap, reg Ialpha and reg Ibeta mRNAs are concomitantly up-regulated during human colorectal carcinogenesis. , 1999, International journal of cancer.

[25]  R. Dunn,et al.  Toxicogenomics-based discrimination of toxic mechanism in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. , 2000, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[26]  A. Brinkmann,et al.  Gene expression profiles of human endometrial cancer samples using a cDNA-expression array technique: assessment of an analysis method , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[27]  M. Ko,et al.  Genome-wide expression profiling of mid-gestation placenta and embryo using a 15,000 mouse developmental cDNA microarray. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[28]  D. Sivam,et al.  Identification of Genes Overexpressed in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using a Combination of Complementary DNA Subtraction and Microarray Analysis , 2000, The Laryngoscope.

[29]  L. Staudt,et al.  BCL-6 represses genes that function in lymphocyte differentiation, inflammation, and cell cycle control. , 2000, Immunity.

[30]  S. Nelson,et al.  Identification of a human glioma-associated growth factor gene, granulin, using differential immuno-absorption. , 2000, Cancer research.

[31]  G. Goldstein,et al.  Lead activates calmodulin sensitive processes. , 1983, Life sciences.

[32]  J. Pevsner,et al.  Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in human astrocytes by lead. Involvement of a protein kinase C/activator protein-1 complex-dependent and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-independent signaling pathway. , 2000, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[33]  R. Strausberg,et al.  Identifying potential tumor markers and antigens by database mining and rapid expression screening. , 2000, Genome research.

[34]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh.  Neurotoxicity in rats chronically exposed to lead ingestion: measurement of intracellular concentrations of free calcium and lead ions in resting or depolarized brain slices. , 1995, Neurotoxicology.

[35]  G. Goldstein,et al.  Lead activates protein kinase C in immature rat brain microvessels. , 1988, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[36]  X. Dumont,et al.  Identification and transcription control of fission yeast genes repressed by an ammonium starvation growth arrest , 2000, Yeast.

[37]  J. Trent,et al.  Microarrays and toxicology: The advent of toxicogenomics , 1999, Molecular carcinogenesis.

[38]  Christian A. Rees,et al.  Molecular portraits of human breast tumours , 2000, Nature.

[39]  G. Landes,et al.  Combining serial analysis of gene expression and array technologies to identify genes differentially expressed in breast cancer. , 1999, Cancer research.

[40]  S H Kim,et al.  Exploiting chemical libraries, structure, and genomics in the search for kinase inhibitors. , 1998, Science.

[41]  Cheryl Schmidt,et al.  Identification of genes differentially over-expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma using combination of cDNA subtraction and microarray analysis , 2000, Oncogene.

[42]  J. Eberwine,et al.  Amplification of mRNA populations using aRNA generated from immobilized oligo(dT)-T7 primed cDNA. , 1996, BioTechniques.

[43]  Y. Sakaki,et al.  High-density cDNA filter analysis of the expression profiles of the genes preferentially expressed in human brain. , 1995, Gene.

[44]  C. Greider,et al.  Telomere length regulation. , 1996, Annual review of biochemistry.

[45]  P. Brown,et al.  Combining SSH and cDNA microarrays for rapid identification of differentially expressed genes. , 1999, Nucleic acids research.

[46]  A. Levine,et al.  Gene assessment and sample classification for gene expression data using a genetic algorithm/k-nearest neighbor method. , 2001, Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening.

[47]  S. Reed,et al.  Identification of differentially expressed genes in human prostate cancer using subtraction and microarray. , 2000, Cancer research.

[48]  J. Venter,et al.  The malaria genome sequencing project: complete sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. , 1999, Parassitologia.

[49]  Roger E Bumgarner,et al.  Interaction of pseudomonas aeruginosa with epithelial cells: identification of differentially regulated genes by expression microarray analysis of human cDNAs. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[50]  H. Döhner,et al.  Matrix‐based comparative genomic hybridization: Biochips to screen for genomic imbalances , 1997, Genes, chromosomes & cancer.

[51]  A. Brazma,et al.  Gene expression data analysis. , 2001, FEBS letters.

[52]  Y. Chen,et al.  Ratio-based decisions and the quantitative analysis of cDNA microarray images. , 1997, Journal of biomedical optics.

[53]  L. Lam,et al.  Suppression of Erythroid but Not Megakaryocytic Differentiation of Human K562 Erythroleukemic Cells by Notch-1* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[54]  Christian A. Rees,et al.  Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[55]  L. Penland,et al.  Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer , 1996, Nature Genetics.

[56]  A Buckpitt,et al.  Development of a toxicological gene array and quantitative assessment of this technology. , 2000, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[57]  J M Trent,et al.  Tumorigenicity in human melanoma cell lines controlled by introduction of human chromosome 6. , 1990, Science.

[58]  M. Vaarala,et al.  Differentially Expressed Genes in Two LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Reflecting Changes during Prostate Cancer Progression , 2000, Laboratory Investigation.

[59]  N. Sampas,et al.  Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling , 2000, Nature.

[60]  U. Pendurthi,et al.  Factor VIIa and Thrombin Induce the Expression of Cyr61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Extracellular Matrix Signaling Proteins That Could Act as Possible Downstream Mediators in Factor VIIa·Tissue Factor-induced Signal Transduction* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[61]  U. Şahin,et al.  Generation of tissue-specific and promiscuous HLA ligand databases using DNA microarrays and virtual HLA class II matrices , 1999, Nature Biotechnology.

[62]  Sally A. Amundson,et al.  Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Human Exposure to Ionizing Radiation , 2000, Radiation research.

[63]  R. Tjian,et al.  Different functional domains of TAFII250 modulate expression of distinct subsets of mammalian genes. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[64]  J. Jen,et al.  Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking increase the frequency of p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[65]  P. Brown,et al.  Exploring drug-induced alterations in gene expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microarray hybridization. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[66]  Pierre Casellas,et al.  Monitoring Cellular Responses to Listeria monocytogenes with Oligonucleotide Arrays* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[67]  E. Brown,et al.  Quantitative analysis of mRNA amplification by in vitro transcription. , 2001, Nucleic acids research.

[68]  Roger E Bumgarner,et al.  Large-scale monitoring of host cell gene expression during HIV-1 infection using cDNA microarrays. , 2000, Virology.

[69]  L S Robertson,et al.  The yeast A kinases differentially regulate iron uptake and respiratory function. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[70]  S. P. Fodor,et al.  Enhanced high density oligonucleotide array-based sequence analysis using modified nucleoside triphosphates. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[71]  J. Mariadason,et al.  Genetic reprogramming in pathways of colonic cell maturation induced by short chain fatty acids: comparison with trichostatin A, sulindac, and curcumin and implications for chemoprevention of colon cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[72]  M J O'Hare,et al.  Linking gene expression patterns to therapeutic groups in breast cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[73]  M. Kagnoff,et al.  Analysis by High Density cDNA Arrays of Altered Gene Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Response to Infection with the Invasive Enteric BacteriaSalmonella * , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[74]  B R Franza,et al.  Comprehensive analyses of prostate gene expression: Convergence of expressed sequence tag databases, transcript profiling and proteomics , 2000, Electrophoresis.

[75]  D. Steiner,et al.  Expression profiling of pancreatic beta cells: glucose regulation of secretory and metabolic pathway genes. , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[76]  B. Roe,et al.  First report on the systematic sequencing of the small genome of Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Protozoa, Microspora): gene organization of a 4.3 kbp region on chromosome I. , 1998, Microbial & Comparative Genomics.

[77]  H P Friedman,et al.  Searching for evidence of altered gene expression: a comment on statistical analysis of microarray data. , 1999, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[78]  K. Liao,et al.  Analysis of gene expression profile during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. , 2000, Gene.

[79]  U. Alon,et al.  Broad patterns of gene expression revealed by clustering analysis of tumor and normal colon tissues probed by oligonucleotide arrays. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[80]  J Walker,et al.  Gene expression profiling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using high-density filter-based cDNA microarrays. , 2000, Journal of immunological methods.

[81]  Yudong D. He,et al.  Functional Discovery via a Compendium of Expression Profiles , 2000, Cell.

[82]  N. Gerry,et al.  Universal DNA microarray method for multiplex detection of low abundance point mutations. , 1999, Journal of molecular biology.

[83]  Steven E. Bayer,et al.  A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. , 1994, Science.

[84]  B. Schäfer,et al.  Molecular features of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with spontaneous metastatic progression , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[85]  J Silvio Gutkind,et al.  Distinct pattern of expression of differentiation and growth-related genes in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck revealed by the use of laser capture microdissection and cDNA arrays , 2000, Oncogene.

[86]  V A Zakian,et al.  Structure and function of telomeres. , 1989, Annual review of genetics.

[87]  J. Hudson,et al.  Development of a prostate cDNA microarray and statistical gene expression analysis package , 2000, Molecular carcinogenesis.

[88]  A. Dietz,et al.  Maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells studied by microarray hybridization. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[89]  G. Goldstein,et al.  Inhibition of astroglia-induced endothelial differentiation by inorganic lead: a role for protein kinase C. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[90]  K. Gunderson,et al.  Mutation detection by ligation to complete n-mer DNA arrays. , 1998, Genome research.

[91]  P. Workman,et al.  Gene expression profiling of human colon cancer cells following inhibition of signal transduction by 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, an inhibitor of the hsp90 molecular chaperone , 2000, Oncogene.

[92]  G. Schoolnik,et al.  Comparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarray. , 1999, Science.

[93]  G. Brady,et al.  Expression Profiling of Single Mammalian Cells – Small is Beautiful , 2000, Yeast.

[94]  Peng Huang,et al.  Superoxide dismutase as a target for the selective killing of cancer cells , 2000, Nature.

[95]  P. Libby,et al.  Transcriptional profile of mechanically induced genes in human vascular smooth muscle cells. , 1999, Circulation research.

[96]  M. Bittner,et al.  Fluorescent cDNA microarray hybridization reveals complexity and heterogeneity of cellular genotoxic stress responses , 1999, Oncogene.

[97]  E Mahlamäki,et al.  Hormone therapy failure in human prostate cancer: analysis by complementary DNA and tissue microarrays. , 1999, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[98]  M. Medvedovic,et al.  The transcriptional signature of dioxin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. , 2000, Biochemical pharmacology.

[99]  M. Morley,et al.  Making and reading microarrays , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[100]  J. Heyman,et al.  The Transcriptional Response of Yeast to Saline Stress* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[101]  M. Bittner,et al.  Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[102]  T C Gasser,et al.  Survey of gene amplifications during prostate cancer progression by high-throughout fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. , 1999, Cancer research.

[103]  J. Mesirov,et al.  Interpreting patterns of gene expression with self-organizing maps: methods and application to hematopoietic differentiation. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[104]  Mark A. Watson,et al.  EGR1 Target Genes in Prostate Carcinoma Cells Identified by Microarray Analysis* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[105]  Y. Chen,et al.  Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 38 breast cancer cell lines: a basis for interpreting complementary DNA microarray data. , 2000, Cancer research.

[106]  Gary A. Churchill,et al.  Analysis of Variance for Gene Expression Microarray Data , 2000, J. Comput. Biol..

[107]  M. Bittner,et al.  Monitoring the expression profiles of doxorubicin-induced and doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells by cDNA microarray. , 2000, Cancer research.

[108]  J. Jen,et al.  Rapid p53 sequence analysis in primary lung cancer using an oligonucleotide probe array. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[109]  S. Wölfl,et al.  Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) induces sequential changes of Id gene expression in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 , 2000, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[110]  J. Kononen,et al.  Multiple genes at 17q23 undergo amplification and overexpression in breast cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[111]  M. Bittner,et al.  Gene expression profiling of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with cDNA microarrays. , 1998, Cancer research.

[112]  Michael R. Green,et al.  Redundant roles for the TFIID and SAGA complexes in global transcription , 2000, Nature.

[113]  C. Harley,et al.  Telomerase expression restores dermal integrity to in vitro-aged fibroblasts in a reconstituted skin model. , 2000, Experimental cell research.

[114]  K. Hess,et al.  cDNA expression array reveals heterogeneous gene expression profiles in three glioblastoma cell lines , 1999, Oncogene.

[115]  Yan A. Su,et al.  Identification of Tumor‐Suppressor Genes Using Human Melanoma Cell Lines UACC903, UACC903(+6), and SRS3 by Comparison of Expression Profiles , 2000, Molecular carcinogenesis.

[116]  T. Gingeras,et al.  The transcriptional responses of respiratory epithelial cells to Bordetella pertussis reveal host defensive and pathogen counter-defensive strategies. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[117]  L. Loberg,et al.  Expression of Cancer-Related Genes in Human Cells Exposed to 60 Hz Magnetic Fields , 2000, Radiation research.

[118]  G C Overton,et al.  The genetic program of hematopoietic stem cells. , 2000, Science.

[119]  P. Brown,et al.  Shotgun DNA microarrays and stage‐specific gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum malaria , 2000, Molecular microbiology.

[120]  Francis Barany,et al.  Universal DNA array detection of small insertions and deletions in BRCA1 and BRCA2 , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[121]  R. Narayanan,et al.  Microarray-based expression profiling in prostate tumors. , 2000, In vivo.

[122]  L. Laimins,et al.  Microarray Analysis Identifies Interferon-Inducible Genes and Stat-1 as Major Transcriptional Targets of Human Papillomavirus Type 31 , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[123]  J. J. Chen,et al.  Profiling the downstream genes of tumor suppressor PTEN in lung cancer cells by complementary DNA microarray. , 2000, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[124]  Scott A. Rifkin,et al.  Microarray analysis of Drosophila development during metamorphosis. , 1999, Science.

[125]  G. A. Robinson,et al.  λRNA Internal Standards Quantify Sensitivity and Amplification Efficiency of Mammalian Gene Expression Profiling , 1998 .

[126]  S. Nakamura,et al.  Tissue factor expression in breast cancer tissues: its correlation with prognosis and plasma concentration , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[127]  J. Hudson,et al.  In vivo gene expression profile analysis of human breast cancer progression. , 1999, Cancer research.

[128]  D. Ross,et al.  Identification of B94 (TNFAIP2) as a potential retinoic acid target gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. , 2000, Cancer research.

[129]  F. Christians,et al.  Induction of GADD45 and JNK/SAPK-Dependent Apoptosis following Inducible Expression of BRCA1 , 1999, Cell.

[130]  T. Mak,et al.  Interleukin 13 Is Secreted by and Stimulates the Growth of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[131]  C. K. Lee,et al.  Gene expression profile of aging and its retardation by caloric restriction. , 1999, Science.

[132]  Gert Auer,et al.  Classification of human ovarian tumors using multivariate data analysis of polypeptide expression patterns , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[133]  A. Lyakhovich,et al.  Vitamin D induced up-regulation of keratinocyte growth factor (FGF-7/KGF) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[134]  Joel H. Saltz,et al.  Classification of small cell lung cancer and pulmonary carcinoid by gene expression profiles. , 1999, Cancer research.

[135]  P. Shields,et al.  Elevated frequency and functional activity of a specific germ-line p53 intron mutation in familial breast cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[136]  Ronald W. Davis,et al.  A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle. , 1998, Molecular cell.

[137]  Michael L. Bittner,et al.  cDNA microarrays detect activation of a myogenic transcription program by the PAX3-FKHR fusion oncogene , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[138]  P. Meltzer,et al.  Vascular channel formation by human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro: vasculogenic mimicry. , 1999, The American journal of pathology.

[139]  P. Brown,et al.  Whole-genome expression analysis of snf/swi mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[140]  T. Gress,et al.  Use of representational difference analysis to study the effect of TGFB on the expression profile of a pancreatic cancer cell line , 1999, Genes, chromosomes & cancer.

[141]  D. Steiner,et al.  Expression profiling of pancreatic beta-cells: glucose regulation of secretory and metabolic pathway genes. , 2000, Diabetes.

[142]  G. A. Whitmore,et al.  Importance of replication in microarray gene expression studies: statistical methods and evidence from repetitive cDNA hybridizations. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[143]  D. Winchester,et al.  Standards for diagnosis and management of invasive breast carcinoma , 1998, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[144]  J. Mesirov,et al.  Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. , 1999, Science.

[145]  Eric S. Lander,et al.  Genomic analysis of metastasis reveals an essential role for RhoC , 2000, Nature.

[146]  T. Ørntoft,et al.  Gene expression profiling: monitoring transcription and translation products using DNA microarrays and proteomics , 2000, FEBS letters.

[147]  Ash A. Alizadeh,et al.  Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy-number changes using cDNA microarrays , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[148]  W. Pennie.  Use of cDNA microarrays to probe and understand the toxicological consequences of altered gene expression. , 2000, Toxicology letters.

[149]  P. Brown,et al.  Identification of the Copper Regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by DNA Microarrays* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[150]  H. Sato,et al.  Identification, by cDNA microarray, of A-raf and proliferating cell nuclear antigen as genes induced in rat lung by exposure to diesel exhaust. , 1999, Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology.

[151]  F. Barany,et al.  Mutation Detection in K‐ras, BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 Using PCR/LDR and a Universal DNA Microarray , 2000, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[152]  E S Lander,et al.  Ploidy regulation of gene expression. , 1999, Science.

[153]  L. Wodicka,et al.  Genome-wide expression monitoring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1997, Nature Biotechnology.

[154]  H. Moch,et al.  High-throughput tissue microarray analysis to evaluate genes uncovered by cDNA microarray screening in renal cell carcinoma. , 1999, The American journal of pathology.

[155]  T. Ørntoft,et al.  Evaluation of the performance of a p53 sequencing microarray chip using 140 previously sequenced bladder tumor samples. , 2000, Clinical chemistry.

[156]  Jan Mous,et al.  Touching base , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[157]  G. A. Robinson,et al.  lambda RNA internal standards quantify sensitivity and amplification efficiency of mammalian gene expression profiling. , 1998, BioTechniques.

[158]  Ash A. Alizadeh,et al.  Ongoing immunoglobulin somatic mutation in germinal center B cell-like but not in activated B cell-like diffuse large cell lymphomas. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[159]  J. Harris,et al.  Altered oncogene, tumor suppressor and cell-cycle gene expression in PANC-1 cells cultured with the pleiotrophic 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, MK886, assessed with a gene chip. , 1999, Anticancer research.

[160]  D T Wong,et al.  Laser capture microdissection-generated target sample for high-density oligonucleotide array hybridization. , 2000, BioTechniques.

[161]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Profiling of differentially expressed genes in human primary cervical cancer by complementary DNA expression array. , 1998, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[162]  Patrick O. Brown,et al.  Observing the living genome , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[163]  L. Hood,et al.  Monitoring gene expression profile changes in ovarian carcinomas using cDNA microarray. , 1999, Gene.

[164]  M. Rubin,et al.  Tissue microarray assessment of prostate cancer tumor proliferation in African- American and white men. , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[165]  W. Kuo,et al.  High resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[166]  J M Trent,et al.  MYB oncogene amplification in hereditary BRCA1 breast cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[167]  T. Hughes,et al.  Signaling and circuitry of multiple MAPK pathways revealed by a matrix of global gene expression profiles. , 2000, Science.

[168]  T Tanaka,et al.  Identification by cDNA microarray of genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. , 2000, Cancer research.

[169]  W. Dehnen,et al.  mRNA expression patterns in different stages of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis in rats. , 2000, Carcinogenesis.

[170]  J. Kononen,et al.  Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens , 1998, Nature Medicine.

[171]  A. Goffeau,et al.  Genome microarray analysis of transcriptional activation in multidrug resistance yeast mutants , 2000, FEBS letters.

[172]  W. Yung,et al.  Reactivation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme: a revelation by parallel gene expression profiling. , 1999, Cancer research.

[173]  S. Altschul,et al.  A public database for gene expression in human cancers. , 1999, Cancer research.

[174]  Christian A. Rees,et al.  Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[175]  Hongyue Dai,et al.  Widespread aneuploidy revealed by DNA microarray expression profiling , 2000, Nature Genetics.

[176]  W. Donegan.  Tumor‐related prognostic factors for breast cancer , 1997, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[177]  W. Pennie,et al.  Identification of a possible association between carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatotoxicity and interleukin‐8 expression , 2000, Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology.

[178]  W. Ruf,et al.  Tissue factor in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis , 1996, Current opinion in hematology.

[179]  W. Travis,et al.  The spectrum of immunohistochemical staining of small-cell lung carcinoma in specimens from transbronchial and open-lung biopsies. , 1994, American journal of clinical pathology.

[180]  C. Harley,et al.  Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts , 1990, Nature.

[181]  A. Rizzino,et al.  DNA microarray analyses of genes regulated during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells , 2000, Molecular reproduction and development.

[182]  C. Plass,et al.  Restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS-M)-based genome-wide scanning of mouse liver tumors for alterations in DNA methylation status. , 1997, Cancer Research.

[183]  P. Brown,et al.  Yeast microarrays for genome wide parallel genetic and gene expression analysis. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[184]  F. Marincola,et al.  High-fidelity mRNA amplification for gene profiling , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[185]  D. Botstein,et al.  The transcriptional program in the response of human fibroblasts to serum. , 1999, Science.