Chronic kidney disease and arrhythmias: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are predisposed to heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). While treatment options, including drug, device, and procedural therapies, are available, their use in the setting of CKD is complex and limited. Patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease have historically been under-represented or excluded from randomized trials of arrhythmia treatment strategies, 1 although this situation is changing. Cardiovascular society consensus documents have recently identified evidence gaps for treating patients with CKD and heart rhythm disorders. To identify key issues relevant to the optimal prevention, management, and treatment of arrhythmias and their complications in patients with kidney disease, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened an international, multidisciplinary Controversies Conference in Berlin, Germany, titled CKD and Arrhythmias in October 2016.

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