New cross-sections and intercomparison of deuteron monitor reactions on Al, Ti, Fe, Ni and Cu

Abstract The 27Al(d,x)22,24Na reactions are frequently used to monitor deuteron beams above 20 MeV. To extend possible monitoring energy region toward lower energies, new monitor reactions are proposed and experimental cross-sections are measured for the processes 27Al(d,x)22,24Na, natTi(d,x)48V, natFe(d,x)56Co, natNi(d,x)61Cu and natCu(d,x)65Zn. The excitation functions were studied using the activation method on stacks of thin metallic foil targets with natural isotopic composition. The data sets of the six processes were cross-checked with each other to provide reliable numerical cross-sections. Detailed literature compilation and critical comparison were made on the available data sets for the studied reactions. Predictions of model calculations were compared with the new experimental data. After establishing selection criteria, consistent data sets were chosen for each of the processes, which were then fitted with a spline or Pade method to provide recommended cross-sections.

[1]  F. Pement,et al.  Compound-statistical features of deuteron-induced reactions: (II). The compound nucleus and stripping-evaporation mechanisms in (d, 2n) reactions , 1966 .

[2]  P. Jung.  Helium production and long-term activation by protons and deuterons in metals for fusion reactor application , 1987 .

[3]  A. Hermanne,et al.  Excitation functions of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natTi up to 20 MeV for monitoring deuteron beams , 1997 .

[4]  C. B. Fulmer,et al.  Excitation functions for radioactive nucleides produced by deuteron-induced reactions in copper , 1970 .

[5]  J. Miller,et al.  COMPARISON BETWEEN REACTIONS OF ALPHA PARTICLES WITH SCANDIUM-45 AND DEUTERONS WITH TITANIUM-47 , 1964 .

[6]  G. Schweimer,et al.  Production of7Be,22Na,24Na and28Mg by irradiation of27Al with 52 MeV deuterons and 104 MeV alpha particles , 1970 .

[7]  Clark Goodman,et al.  The Science and Engineering of Nuclear Power , 1947 .

[8]  H. Röhm,et al.  Excitation functions for the 24Mg(d,α)22Na, 26Mg(d,α)24Na and 27Al(d,αp)24Na reactions , 1969 .

[9]  H. Okamura,et al.  Excitation functions for the deuteron-induced reactions on 63Cu and 65Cu , 1971 .

[10]  R. Michel,et al.  Solar cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides in meteorites , 1982 .

[11]  G. Cowan,et al.  Cross Sections for the Reactions Ti 48 (d, 2n)V 48 Cr 52 (d, 2n)Mn 52 and Fe 56 (d, 2n)Co 56 , 1954 .

[12]  J. W. Clark,et al.  Excitation Functions for Radioactive Nuclides Produced by Deuteron-Induced Reactions in Iron , 1969 .

[13]  H. Probst,et al.  Production of chromium-48 for applications in life sciences. , 1980, The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes.

[14]  M. Cogneau,et al.  Absolute cross sections and excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions on the nickel isotopes between 2 and 12 MeV , 1967 .

[15]  M. Peisach,et al.  Activation Cross Sections for Deuteron-Induced Reactions on some Elements of the First Transition Series, up to 5.5 MeV , 1972 .

[16]  A. Kunselman,et al.  Excitation functions of reactions induced by H 1 and H 2 ions on natural Mg, Al, and Si , 1976 .

[17]  Victor F. Weisskopf,et al.  On the Yield of Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Elements , 1940 .

[18]  M. Blann,et al.  Global test of modified precompound decay models , 1983 .

[19]  S. Waters,et al.  A method for the measurement of the cross-sections for the production of radioisotopes by charged particles from a cyclotron , 1973 .

[20]  S. Downey,et al.  Excitation functions for deuteron induced reactions in natural nickel: Production of no-carrier-added 64Cu from enriched 64Ni targets for positron emission tomography , 1991 .

[21]  S. K. Kataria,et al.  Macroscopic systematics of nuclear level densities , 1980 .

[22]  A. Hermanne,et al.  Activation Gross Section Measurements of Deuteron Induced Reactions on nat Ni with Special Reference to Beam Monitoring and Production of for 61Cu Medical Purpose , 1997 .

[23]  Richard B. Firestone,et al.  Table of Radioactive Isotopes , 1986 .

[24]  Qaim,et al.  Excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on iron and alpha-particle induced reactions on manganese in the energy region up to 25 MeV. , 1994, Physical review. C, Nuclear physics.

[25]  A. Hermanne,et al.  Experimental Study of Excitation Functions for some Reactions induced by Deuterons (10-50 MeV) on natural Fe and Ti , 2000 .