Impact of residual transmit RF impairments on energy harvesting relay selection systems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we study the impact of residual transmit radio-frequency impairments (RTRIs) on a dual-hop energy-harvesting system in which a source and a destination both having multiple antennas communicate to each other with the help of single-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relays. The source and destination employ maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and maximal ratio combining (MRC), respectively, to exploit the benefits of using multiple antennas. To simplify the system complexity, we propose two partial relay selection (PRS) schemes (RSSs) that maximise the combined channel gains of the first hop (PRS-1 scheme) and the second hop (PRS-2 scheme), respectively. Both time-switching relaying (TSR) and power-splitting relaying (PSR) protocols are examined. In order to evaluate the system performance, the analytical expressions for outage probability and ergodic capacity are derived, and then the throughput expressions for delay-limited and delay-tolerant transmission modes are formulated. The analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that: (1) The impact of RTRI can be significantly reduced by increasing the number of antennas and relays. (2) The PRS-1 scheme outperforms the PRS-2 scheme. (3) In the delay-limited mode, the TSR protocol performs better than the PSR protocol at high impairment levels, whereas in the delay-tolerant mode, the throughput of the PSR protocol is superior to that of the TSR protocol.

[1]  John S. Thompson,et al.  Amplify-and-forward with partial relay selection , 2008, IEEE Communications Letters.

[2]  Caijun Zhong,et al.  Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Full Duplex Relaying , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[3]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  OFDM Opportunistic Relaying Under Joint Transmit/Receive I/Q Imbalance , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[4]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Architecture Design and Rate-Energy Tradeoff , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[5]  Zhu Han,et al.  Wireless Networks With RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[6]  Elena Costa,et al.  M-QAM-OFDM system performance in the presence of a nonlinear amplifier and phase noise , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[7]  Salama Ikki,et al.  On the Performance of Cooperative-Diversity Networks with the Nth Best-Relay Selection Scheme , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[8]  Emil Björnson,et al.  Two-Way Relaying Under the Presence of Relay Transceiver Hardware Impairments , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[9]  Caijun Zhong,et al.  Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Relay Systems With Multiple Antennas and Interference , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[10]  I. M. Pyshik,et al.  Table of integrals, series, and products , 1965 .

[11]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Efficient Cooperative Protocols for Full-Duplex Relaying Over Nakagami- $m$ Fading Channels , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[12]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[13]  Jinho Choi.  Downlink Multiuser Beamforming With Compensation of Channel Reciprocity From RF Impairments , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[14]  Tim Schenk,et al.  RF Imperfections in High-rate Wireless Systems , 2008 .

[15]  Daniel Benevides da Costa,et al.  Proactive Relay Selection With Joint Impact of Hardware Impairment and Co-Channel Interference , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[16]  Emil Björnson,et al.  Impact of Residual Transmit RF Impairments on Training-Based MIMO Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[17]  Tim Schenk,et al.  RF Imperfections in High-rate Wireless Systems: Impact and Digital Compensation , 2008 .

[18]  M. Loulou,et al.  A power management system for energy harvesting and wireless sensor networks application based on a novel charge pump circuit , 2015 .

[19]  Emil Björnson,et al.  A New Look at Dual-Hop Relaying: Performance Limits with Hardware Impairments , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[20]  Ali A. Nasir,et al.  Relaying Protocols for Wireless Energy Harvesting and Information Processing , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[21]  Ronald F. Boisvert,et al.  NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions , 2010 .

[22]  Emil Björnson,et al.  Impact of residual transmit RF impairments on training-based MIMO systems , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[23]  Ali A. Nasir,et al.  Wireless-Powered Relays in Cooperative Communications: Time-Switching Relaying Protocols and Throughput Analysis , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[24]  I. S. Gradshteyn,et al.  Table of Integrals, Series, and Products , 1976 .

[25]  Lingwei Xu,et al.  Joint TAS and power allocation for DF relaying M2M cooperative system , 2016 .

[26]  Yimin Zhang,et al.  A novel partial relay selection method for amplify-and-forward relay systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[27]  Susmita Das,et al.  Performance study of hybrid decode-amplify-forward (HDAF) scheme in distributed Alamouti coded cooperative network , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI).

[28]  Chinmoy Kundu,et al.  Secrecy Outage of Dual-Hop Regenerative Multi-Relay System With Relay Selection , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[29]  O. Nelles,et al.  An Introduction to Optimization , 1996, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.