Improvements of the aerosol algorithm in ozone lidar data processing by use of evolutionary strategies.

The differential absorption lidar (DIAL) at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung has been upgraded for precise ozone and aerosol studies in the entire troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Its excellent technical performance offers the opportunity to apply improved data processing. The existing inversion algorithm is extended to derive the optical coefficients from the backscatter profiles for three wavelengths. Correlating the correction terms of the DIAL equation and the ozone concentration yields the wavelength dependence of the backscatter and extinction coefficients of the aerosol. Under some conditions, in particular if homogeneous layers are present, the backscatter-to-extinction ratio and the reference value can also be retrieved. We find the solutions by applying evolutionary strategies. From the optical coefficients obtained in this way the ozone concentration can be calculated with substantially reduced error.

[1]  Benjamin M. Herman,et al.  Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Extinction Cross Section and Inference of Aerosol Imaginary Index in the Troposphere by Lidar Technique , 1980 .

[2]  E. Eloranta,et al.  High spectral resolution lidar to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. 1: theory and instrumentation. , 1983, Applied optics.

[3]  S. A. Lee,et al.  High spectral resolution lidar system with atomic blocking filters for measuring atmospheric parameters. , 1983, Applied optics.

[4]  E. Eloranta,et al.  High spectral resolution lidar to measure optical scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols. 2: calibration and data analysis. , 1983, Applied optics.

[5]  F. G. Fernald.  Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments. , 1984, Applied optics.

[6]  J. B. Bergwerff,et al.  Quantitative lidar at 532 nm for vertical extinction profiles and the effect of relative humidity , 1984 .

[7]  J. Klett.  Lidar inversion with variable backscatter/extinction ratios. , 1985, Applied optics.

[8]  E. Browell,et al.  Ultraviolet DIAL measurements of O3 profiles in regions of spatially inhomogeneous aerosols. , 1985, Applied optics.

[9]  G. de Leeuw,et al.  Humidity effects on the backscatter/extinction ratio. , 1986, Applied optics.

[10]  J F Potter.  Two-frequency lidar inversion technique. , 1987, Applied optics.

[11]  Y. Sasano,et al.  Quantitative analysis of RHI lidar data by an iterative adjustment of the boundary condition term in the lidar solution. , 1987, Applied optics.

[12]  Multiwavelength lidar for ozone measurements in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. , 1990, Applied optics.

[13]  N. S. Higdon,et al.  Raman shifting of KrF laser radiation for tropospheric ozone measurements. , 1991, Applied optics.

[14]  A. Ansmann,et al.  Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar. , 1992, Applied optics.

[15]  A. Ansmann,et al.  Combined raman elastic-backscatter LIDAR for vertical profiling of moisture, aerosol extinction, backscatter, and LIDAR ratio , 1992 .

[16]  Paul J. Crutzen,et al.  Reaction of N2O5 on tropospheric aerosols: Impact on the global distributions of NO x , O3, and OH , 1993 .

[17]  V. Kovalev.  Lidar measurement of the vertical aerosol extinction profiles with range-dependent backscatter-to-extinction ratios. , 1993, Applied optics.

[18]  R. Ferrare,et al.  Raman dial measurements of stratospheric ozone in the presence of volcanic aerosols , 1993 .

[19]  D. Gutkowicz–Krusin.  Multiangle lidar performance in the presence of horizontal inhomogeneities in atmospheric extinction and scattering. , 1993, Applied optics.

[20]  Thomas Trickl,et al.  A wide‐range ultraviolet lidar system for tropospheric ozone measurements: Development and application , 1994 .

[21]  E. Eloranta,et al.  Demonstration of a high-spectral-resolution lidar based on an iodine absorption filter. , 1994, Optics letters.

[22]  S. Young,et al.  Analysis of lidar backscatter profiles in optically thin clouds. , 1995, Applied optics.

[23]  Uwe Gropengiesser.  The ground-state energy of the ±J sping glass. A comparison of various biologically motivated algorithms , 1995 .

[24]  H. Greiner.  Robust optical coating design with evolutionary strategies. , 1996, Applied optics.

[25]  J. Zeyn,et al.  Remote daytime measurements of tropospheric temperature profiles with a rotational Raman lidar. , 1996, Optics letters.

[26]  P. Flamant,et al.  Iterative method to determine an averaged backscatter-to-extinction ratio in cirrus clouds. , 1996, Applied optics.

[27]  J Ackermann.  Two-wavelength lidar inversion algorithm for a two-component atmosphere. , 1997, Applied optics.

[28]  Three-wavelength dual differential absorption lidar method for stratospheric ozone measurements in the presence of volcanic aerosols. , 1997, Applied optics.

[29]  J. Ackermann.  The Extinction-to-Backscatter Ratio of Tropospheric Aerosol: A Numerical Study , 1998 .

[30]  G. Kunz,et al.  Two-wavelength lidar inversion algorithm. , 1999, Applied optics.

[31]  Thomas Trickl,et al.  HIGH-RESOLUTION LIDAR MEASUREMENTS OF STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE , 1999 .

[32]  Analytical solution of the two-frequency lidar inversion technique. , 1999, Applied optics.

[33]  C. Weitkamp,et al.  Rotational vibrational-rotational Raman differential absorption lidar for atmospheric ozone measurements: methodology and experiment. , 2000, Applied optics.

[34]  Thomas Trickl,et al.  Transport studies with the IFU three-wavelength aerosol lidar during the VOTALP Mesolcina experiment , 2000 .

[35]  A new algorithm for simultaneous ozone and aerosol retrieval from tropospheric DIAL measurements , 2003 .

[36]  Albert Ansmann,et al.  Saharan dust over a central European EARLINET‐AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer , 2003 .

[37]  Robert Mücke,et al.  Intercontinental transport and its influence on the ozone concentrations over central Europe: Three case studies , 2003 .