Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for Improving Near-Infrared Tunable Diode-Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (TDLAS) has been widely applied in gaseous component analysis based on gas molecular absorption spectroscopy. When dealing with molecular absorption signals, the desired signal is usually interfered by various noises from electronic components and optical paths. This paper introduces TDLAS-specific signal processing issues and summarizes effective algorithms so solve these.

[1]  P. Werle,et al.  Signal-to-noise ratio analysis in laser absorption spectrometers using optical multipass cells. , 1991, Applied optics.

[2]  D. Labrie,et al.  Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers — Comparison of experiment and theory , 1981 .

[3]  Christopher R. Webster,et al.  Brewster-plate spoiler: a novel method for reducing the amplitude of interference fringes that limit tunable-laser absorption sensitivities , 1985 .

[4]  F. Harris.  On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform , 1978, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[5]  Qixin He,et al.  TDLAS–WMS based near-infrared methane sensor system using hollow-core photonic crystal fiber as gas-chamber , 2017 .

[6]  Peter Werle,et al.  Real-time signal-processing concepts for trace-gas analysis by diode-laser spectroscopy , 1994 .

[7]  B. Culshaw,et al.  Analysis of Random Noise and Long-Term Drift for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy System at Atmospheric Pressure , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[8]  Chengxian Xu,et al.  Nonlinear Least Squares Problems , 2009, Encyclopedia of Optimization.

[9]  A. Savitzky,et al.  Smoothing and Differentiation of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures. , 1964 .

[10]  Ray T. Chen,et al.  Electric Field Detection Using an Electro-optic Polymer Refilled Silicon Slot Photonic Crystal Waveguide , 2014 .

[11]  Tao Wang,et al.  A Modified Empirical Mode Decomposition Algorithm in TDLAS for Gas Detection , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[12]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  Multirate filter banks for code-division multiple access systems , 1995, 1995 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[13]  H. H. Madden.  Comments on the Savitzky-Golay convolution method for least-squares-fit smoothing and differentiation of digital data , 1976 .

[14]  Jonathan Knight,et al.  Large mode area photonic crystal fibre , 1998 .

[15]  Patrick Flandrin,et al.  A complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[16]  E. R. Polovtseva,et al.  The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database , 2013 .

[17]  D. Leleux,et al.  Applications of Kalman filtering to real-time trace gas concentration measurements , 2002 .

[18]  Steve McLaughlin,et al.  Development of EMD-Based Denoising Methods Inspired by Wavelet Thresholding , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[19]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Rapid, optical measurement of the atmospheric pressure on a fast research aircraft using open-path TDLAS , 2014 .

[20]  Jean-Michel Poggi,et al.  Wavelets and their applications , 2007 .

[21]  Angelo Sampaolo,et al.  Compact TDLAS based sensor design using interband cascade lasers for mid-IR trace gas sensing. , 2016, Optics express.

[22]  A. Fried,et al.  Ultra-high-precision mid-IR spectrometer II: system description and spectroscopic performance , 2006 .

[23]  Benli Yu,et al.  Wavelet Transform Based on the Optimal Wavelet Pairs for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Signal Processing , 2015, Applied spectroscopy.

[24]  Ronald R. Coifman,et al.  Wavelet analysis and signal processing , 1990 .

[25]  Daniel T. Cassidy,et al.  Atmospheric pressure monitoring of trace gases using tunable diode lasers. , 1982, Applied optics.

[26]  P. Walsh,et al.  Flight test of a rugged scramjet-inlet temperature and velocity sensor , 2015 .

[27]  Mirosław A Czarnecki.  Resolution Enhancement in Second-Derivative Spectra , 2015, Applied spectroscopy.

[28]  Wen-Liang Hwang,et al.  EMD Revisited: A New Understanding of the Envelope and Resolving the Mode-Mixing Problem in AM-FM Signals , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[29]  Xiao-Hua Yu,et al.  An adaptive filtering approach for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal noise reduction using neural networks , 2013, Neurocomputing.

[30]  Jian Jia,et al.  Real time infrared gas detection based on a modified EMD algorithm , 2009 .

[31]  Benli Yu,et al.  A Review of Signal Enhancement and Noise Reduction Techniques for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy , 2014 .

[32]  H. Hartley.  The Modified Gauss-Newton Method for the Fitting of Non-Linear Regression Functions by Least Squares , 1961 .

[33]  Peter Werle,et al.  A review of recent advances in semiconductor laser based gas monitors , 1998 .

[34]  Abdel-Ouahab Boudraa,et al.  EMD-Based Signal Filtering , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[35]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Validation of an extractive, airborne, compact TDL spectrometer for atmospheric humidity sensing by blind intercomparison , 2013 .

[36]  Jingsong Li,et al.  Applications of wavelet transform to quantum cascade laser spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas measurements , 2012 .

[37]  Shaojiang Dong,et al.  Method for eliminating mode mixing of empirical mode decomposition based on the revised blind source separation , 2012, Signal Process..

[38]  Robert Weigel,et al.  Ultra-compact TDLAS humidity measurement cell with advanced signal processing , 2014 .

[39]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Absolute, spatially resolved, in situ CO profiles in atmospheric laminar counter-flow diffusion flames using 2.3 μm TDLAS , 2012 .

[40]  Etalon Effects Analysis in Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Gas Concentration Detection System Based on Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy , 2010, 2010 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics.

[41]  Jie Yan,et al.  [The Research of Oxygen Measurement by TDLAS Based on Levenberg-Marquardt Nonlinear Fitting]. , 2015, Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.

[42]  Ananth Ranganathan,et al.  The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm , 2004 .

[43]  Volker Ebert,et al.  Integrative fitting of absorption line profiles with high accuracy, robustness, and speed , 2014 .

[44]  Benjamin W Y Hornsby,et al.  The Effects of Digital Noise Reduction on the Acceptance of Background Noise , 2006, Trends in amplification.

[45]  Michael B. Frish,et al.  Precision and accuracy of miniature tunable diode laser absorption spectrometers , 2011, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[46]  Ralph P. Tatam,et al.  Self-mixing interference effects in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy , 2009 .

[47]  W. Johnstone,et al.  An FPGA-based lock-in detection system to enable Chemical Species Tomography using TDLAS , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST).

[48]  N. Huang,et al.  The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis , 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[49]  R. Tatam,et al.  Optical gas sensing: a review , 2012 .

[50]  J. A. Silver,et al.  Frequency modulation and wavelength modulation spectroscopies: comparison of experimental methods using a lead-salt diode laser. , 1992, Applied optics.

[51]  Yu Wang,et al.  Signal analytical processing based on wavelet transform for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy , 2010, SPIE/COS Photonics Asia.

[52]  Kanika Gupta,et al.  Image Denoising Techniques-A Review paper , 2013 .

[53]  C. Zheng,et al.  Performance improvement of a near-infrared CH4 detection device using wavelet-denoising-assisted wavelength modulation technique , 2014 .

[54]  P. Werle.  Laser excess noise and interferometric effects in frequency-modulated diode-laser spectrometers , 1995 .

[55]  Gary Anderson,et al.  Noise estimation technique to reduce the effects of 1/f noise in Open Path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry (OP-TDLAS) , 2014, Sensing Technologies + Applications.

[56]  P. Werle,et al.  The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace-gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) , 1993 .

[57]  Bernhard Schmauss,et al.  Simulation-based comparison of noise effects in wavelength modulation spectroscopy and direct absorption TDLAS , 2010 .

[58]  Kefa Cen,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of 2-dimensional H2O concentration and temperature distribution in premixed methane/air flame using TDLAS-based tomography technology , 2015 .

[59]  L. Nähle,et al.  Detection of acetylene impurities in ethylene and polyethylene manufacturing processes using tunable diode laser spectroscopy in the 3-μm range , 2011 .

[60]  Darryll J. Pines,et al.  Structural health monitoring using empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert phase , 2006 .

[61]  Jay B. Jeffries,et al.  Two-dimensional tomography for gas concentration and temperature distributions based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy , 2010 .

[62]  L. Shao,et al.  From Heuristic Optimization to Dictionary Learning: A Review and Comprehensive Comparison of Image Denoising Algorithms , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[63]  Hong Duan,et al.  Harmonic wavelet analysis of modulated tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy signals. , 2009, Applied optics.

[64]  R. Tatam,et al.  Use of diffuse reflections in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy: implications of laser speckle for gas absorption measurements , 2008 .

[65]  Gerard Wysocki,et al.  Chirped Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy for Remote Open-Path Trace-Gas Sensing , 2012, Sensors.

[66]  Jian Wang,et al.  Applications of optical measurement technology in pollution gas monitoring at thermal power plants , 2011, International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology.

[67]  O. Korablev,et al.  TDLAS a laser diode sensor for the in situ monitoring of H2O, CO2 and their isotopes in the Martian atmosphere , 2006 .

[68]  P. M. Ramos,et al.  Noise and background removal in Raman spectra of ancient pigments using wavelet transform , 2005 .

[69]  P. Werle,et al.  Near- and mid-infrared laser-optical sensors for gas analysis , 2002 .

[70]  Hand-held unit for simultaneous detection of methane and ethane based on NIR-absorption spectroscopy , 2003 .

[71]  R. W. Wedderburn.  Quasi-likelihood functions, generalized linear models, and the Gauss-Newton method , 1974 .

[72]  Sun Lingfang,et al.  Soft-sensing of Oxygen Content of Flue Gas Based on Mixed Model , 2012 .

[73]  Qiang Zhao,et al.  Application of digital quadrature lock-in amplifier in TDLAS humidity detection , 2017, Applied Optics and Photonics China.

[74]  Pengfei Li,et al.  Real-time infrared gas detection based on an adaptive Savitzky–Golay algorithm , 2015 .

[75]  Umberto Michelucci,et al.  Novel Semi-Parametric Algorithm for Interference-Immune Tunable Absorption Spectroscopy Gas Sensing , 2017, Sensors.

[76]  Zengguang Qin,et al.  TDLAS gas sensing system utilizing fiber reflector based round-trip structure: Double absorption path-length, residual amplitude modulation removal , 2017 .